Rate of Osteoporosis Evaluation and Treatment Following Kyphoplasty in Patients With Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Retrospective Study and Review of the Literature.

Background: Lifetime risk of an osteoporotic fracture is 50% for women and 20% for men. Of these fractures, vertebral compression fractures (VCF) are the most common. While surgery plays a crucial role in managing these fractures, preventative measures are also critical when addressing the risk of osteoporotic VCFs. Although many recent guidelines recommend osteoporosis evaluation and treatment for patients with VCFs, the true proportion of patients who undergo an osteoporosis workup following their kyphoplasty procedure is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency of osteoporosis screening and treatment in patients who undergo a kyphoplasty procedure to correct a vertebral fragility fracture. Methods: This study utilized the TriNetX Research Network, a database containing de-identified patient information. Using this database, we identified patients from 89 institutions with non-traumatic VCFs and VCFs that resulted from low-energy trauma who subsequently underwent a kyphoplasty procedure. We then analyzed any follow-up osteoporosis treatment or screening they received. Results: A total of 3371 patients were identified to have undergone kyphoplasty to treat a VCF for the first time. To our knowledge, this is the largest study of its kind to date. Among these patients, 71.3% never had a DEXA scan or prior medical treatment for osteoporosis within 2 years before their kyphoplasty procedure. Additionally, 56.1% of all patients with VCFs treated with kyphoplasty for the first time were never screened or treated for osteoporosis in the two years preceding and 1 year following the procedure. Conclusion: Our results suggest that only 15.2% of patients with a vertebral fragility fracture secondary to decreased bone density are screened and treated for osteoporosis. Despite existing guidelines recommending osteoporosis evaluation and treatment for patients with VCFs, our findings highlight missed opportunities for intervention. Improving the implementation of existing screening protocols and increasing awareness among healthcare providers could reduce VCF-associated morbidity and mortality.