Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40191371›Full record

ArticleACS omega2025

Decoding E-Cigarette Secrets: Unveiling Saliva and E-Liquid Composition through Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho, Letícia Foiani, Gabriela Zucco, Natália de Carvalho Faria, Gabrielle Nepomuceno, Kethilyn Chris Sousa Silva, Roger Borges, Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves, Mário Pérez-Sayáns, Herculano da Silva Martinho and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Bruna Fernandes do Carmo CarvalhoDepartment of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos 12209, São Paulo, Brazil.
Letícia FoianiCenter of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of the ABC, Santo André 04829-310, São Paulo, Brazil.
Gabriela ZuccoDepartment of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos 12209, São Paulo, Brazil.
Natália de Carvalho FariaDepartment of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos 12209, São Paulo, Brazil.
Gabrielle NepomucenoCenter of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of the ABC, Santo André 04829-310, São Paulo, Brazil.
Kethilyn Chris Sousa SilvaDepartment of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos 12209, São Paulo, Brazil.
Roger BorgesCenter of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of the ABC, Santo André 04829-310, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira AlvesDepartment of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos 12209, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-9443
Mário Pérez-SayánsOral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain.
Herculano da Silva MartinhoCenter of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of the ABC, Santo André 04829-310, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-014X
Janete Dias AlmeidaDepartment of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos 12209, São Paulo, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), initially introduced as smoking cessation aids, have given rise to a new wave of nicotine dependence. A critical question that has emerged is the potential adverse effects of e-cig use on oral health, particularly how the vapor emitted from these devices may alter the salivary composition of users. Here, we investigate the salivary composition of e-cig users and analyze the e-liquids (flavorings) using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Saliva samples were categorized into two groups: e-cigarette users (25 individuals) and nonsmokers/nonusers (25 individuals). Additionally, 26 e-liquid samples used by the e-cig users were collected, with 17 obtained before use and 9 after use. The analysis provided reliable results in distinguishing between the two groups. Notably, partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) demonstrated a high degree of accuracy (>90%) in differentiating the sample groups. Our findings revealed a higher concentration of polysaccharides, aromatic amino acids, and inorganic phosphates, along with a lower concentration of esterases in the saliva of e-cigarette users. These alterations in salivary composition may be linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and tumor formation, having a negative impact on oral immunity. In contrast, no significant molecular or compositional changes were observed in the e-liquids after use. Our results underscore the importance of continued research into potential biomarkers and the long-term health effects associated with the growing prevalence of e-cigarette use as a form of nicotine consumption.

Identifiers

PMID40191371
PMCPMC11966275

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.