Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40191176›Full record

ArticleJournal of multidisciplinary healthcare2025

Factors Influencing Decision Making of Afghan Patients to Seek Medical Treatment in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abdul Ghafar Sherzad, Imran Zafarzai, Mohammad Sediqe Zahirzai, Abdul Nasir Jabarkhil, Mohammad Azim Azimee, Ali Jan Adil, Habibullah Mulavizada, Muhibullah Shinwari, Kamran Zafarzai, Qingchun Zeng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Abdul Ghafar Sherzad *Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.ORCID 0000-0002-1704-0688
Imran ZafarzaiDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.ORCID 0009-0005-4644-818X
Mohammad Sediqe ZahirzaiDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.ORCID 0009-0004-5797-7979
Abdul Nasir JabarkhilDepartment of Respiratory and Rheumatic Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.ORCID 0009-0008-0886-5136
Mohammad Azim AzimeeDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.ORCID 0000-0003-0658-9074
Ali Jan AdilDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.ORCID 0009-0009-1781-2615
Habibullah MulavizadaDepartment of Respiratory and Rheumatic Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.ORCID 0009-0008-3027-9854
Muhibullah ShinwariDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.ORCID 0000-0001-7425-1505
Kamran ZafarzaiDepartment of Respiratory and Rheumatic Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.ORCID 0009-0006-7182-3866
Qingchun Zeng *Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0001-7665-8237

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Due to inadequate healthcare facilities and certain technologies in Afghanistan, many Afghan patients seek medical treatment abroad. Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors that influence Afghan patients' decision to seek medical treatment abroad. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 respondents in the center of the Special Commission, dispatching the patients to Torkham from June to September 2024 in Jalalabad City, Afghanistan. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used to select study participants. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors influencing their satisfaction level toward medical treatment in Pakistan. Results: A total of 384 respondents were enrolled, including 64.9% male and 35.1% female. 88.10% of participants were satisfied with medical treatment in Pakistan. 49.5% of respondents obtained information about medical tourism primarily from relatives. Among them, 24.2% were cancer patients, 16% were cardiology patients, 10.1% were surgical patients, and 8.8% were kidney patients. Medicines used in Afghanistan are of low quality; Pakistan's availability of internationally accredited hospitals, cultural/religious similarity, well-experienced and reputable doctors, similar language, and high-quality medical facilities with internationally certified physicians and staff were top-ranked items. According to regression analysis, the facility and services factor was the strongest factor ( Conclusion: The study concluded that facility and service factors were the strongest predictors of medical tourism, followed by the country's environment and medical tourism cost. Therefore, healthcare providers and policymakers need to consider the diverse preferences of Afghan patients and provide accurate, accessible healthcare services and advanced professional training of the healthcare providers, including attitude towards services.

Indexed as

medical tourismmedical tourism costsmedical treatmentpredictorstreatment destination

Identifiers

PMID40191176
PMCPMC11971997

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.