ArticleResearch in autism spectrum disorders2023
Are There Sex Differences in Interactive Associations of Environmental Exposure to Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), and Manganese (Mn) with GST Genes (
Article in Research in autism spectrum disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Male preponderance is well-established in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes play a crucial role in suppressing oxidative stress triggered by environmental stressors. Objective: To determine whether the association between metals and ASD differs by sex and by GST genes. Methods: Using data from 344 pairs of sex-and age-matched cases and controls, we assessed the association of each metal with ASD or ASD severity, by applying conditional logistic regression (CLR) or general linear models (GLM). Sex was assessed as an effect modifier in separate GST genetic models. Results: For Pb exposure, using a recessive model for the Conclusion: The association of Pb and Hg with ASD significantly differed by sex under the
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