ArticleCureus2025
Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Angiopoietin-2 and Cell Migration-Inducing Protein in Lung Cancer Progression and Brain Metastases.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAngiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) and cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP) are key regulators of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metastatic progression in various cancers, including lung cancer (LC). The presence of these biomarkers in extracellular vesicles (EVs) may offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying LC progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles play a critical role in LC by enhancing intercellular communication and supporting processes such as angiogenesis, immune evasion, and metastasis, transferring key molecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pro-angiogenic microRNAs (miRNAs).
methodsThis study aimed to investigate the presence and quantification of ANGPT2 and CEMIP in the cargo of EVs isolated from plasma samples obtained from the peripheral venous blood of patients with localized lung cancer (LLC group), lung cancer with brain metastases (LCM group), and healthy controls (HC group). EVs were isolated using the density gradient ultracentrifugation method, and their characterization was performed through scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to identify ANGPT2 and CEMIP in EV cargo, and band intensity from western blot images was quantified using specialized software.
resultsThe expression of ANGPT2 and CEMIP in EV cargo was significantly higher in the oncologic groups (LLC and LCM combined) compared to the HC group. Notably, EV CEMIP levels were, on average, 59% higher in patients with brain metastases than in those with localized lung cancer. Following surgical resection, postoperative EV ANGPT2 and EV CEMIP levels decreased by 36% and 8.5%, respectively, in the LLC group, and by 40% and 4.6%, respectively, in the LCM group.
conclusionThese findings emphasize the potential of ANGPT2 and CEMIP as biomarkers for LC progression and prognosis. To our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the presence and quantification of ANGPT2 and CEMIP in EV cargo from lung cancer patients. To further validate their role in cancer progression, functional studies should explore the mechanistic effects of EV-associated ANGPT2 and CEMIP on angiogenesis, immune modulation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tumor progression in lung cancer models.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.