Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40190694›Full record

ArticleClinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes2025

The Impact of Diabetes Self-Care, Healthy Lifestyle, Social Support, and Demographic Variables on Outcomes HbA1c in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Wan-Ju Chen, Li-Ying Lin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Wan-Ju ChenDepartment of Internal Nursing, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
Li-Ying LinDepartment of Nursing, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2099-6437

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Controlling HbA1c can help reduce the symptoms and complications of diabetes. However, only about 25% of adults with diabetes achieve this diabetes care goal. It can be seen that diabetes requires more research investment and breakthroughs, as well as a more complete discussion of related factors that affect diabetes control, in order to better control the disease. This study explored the effects of diabetes self-care behavior, healthy lifestyle, diabetes symptoms, social support, demographic variables, and physical examination values on HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and recruited 305 subjects with type 2 diabetes at a medical center. Personal data were collected using a structured questionnaire and same-day outpatient medical records. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis identified significant predictors of HbA1c levels. These include insulin treatment ( Conclusions: For reasons that hinder subjects from controlling HbA1c levels, individual self-management intervention programs should be provided to improve the effectiveness of subjects in controlling HbA1c levels. The care giver should be included in the educational program of diabetes management. Running exercise contributes to the control of HbA1c levels.

Indexed as

clinical manifestations of diabetesdiabetes mellitusglycated hemoglobinhealthy lifestyleself caretype 2

Identifiers

PMID40190694
PMCPMC11970087

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.