ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2025
Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis identifies protein C rather than protein S or antithrombin-III as associated with deep venous thrombosis.
Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plasma proteome-genome integration reveals novel protein biomarkers and therapeutic targets linked to breast cancer survival.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Genetic causal relationship between physical activity and osteoarthritis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- CSF1 mediating 3-hydroxyhexanoate in endometrial cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: Observational studies have indicated significant contributions of protein C and protein S to thrombotic diseases, yet the "anticoagulation paradox" in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) remains unresolved. Therefore, we conducted an investigation to discern the causal effects of protein C, protein S and antithrombin-III on DVT risk. Material and methods: We employed a two-sample (one to evaluate the gene-exposure relationship and the other to evaluate the gene-outcome relationship) bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to assess the causal associations between protein C, protein S, antithrombin-III and DVT. Results: Genetic associations with DVT were extracted from a comprehensive genome-wide association study involving 484,598 individuals. In the multivariable MR analysis, the odds ratios for DVT per standard deviation (SD) increase were 1.005 (95% CI: 1.002-1.008; Conclusions: These findings provide insights into the genetic relationship between relative protein C rather than protein S or antithrombin-III levels and DVT, offering potential utility in identifying at-risk patients for DVT development.
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