ArticleBMC medicine2025
Cilnidipine exerts antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the internalization and fusion of influenza A virus.
Article in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial intelligence and ultra-high performance computing methods and experiments for drug discovery: virtual screening, deep learning, molecular dynamics simulations, ADMET modelling, and experimental validation.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Repurposing Cilnidipine as an entry inhibitor against Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever pseudovirus infection.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical Strategies for West Nile Virus in Europe, an Underrecognized Cause of Severe Disease and Mortality in Older Adults: From Supportive Care to Antiviral Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Targeting the US21 viroporin of human cytomegalovirus by calcium channel blockers as a new antiviral strategy.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Virus infection and vesicle trafficking.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of seasonal and global pandemics, posing serious health risks. Repositioning approved drugs offers an efficient antiviral strategy, particularly as calcium (Ca
methodsThe in vitro antiviral activity of cilnidipine was evaluated using MTT assays, qRT-PCR, plaque assays, and western blotting. Mechanistic studies involved time-of-addition, viral internalization, pseudovirus neutralization, and HA (hemagglutinin) syncytium assays. For in vivo analysis, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected to evaluate the effects of cilnidipine on viral titer, lung index, pulmonary inflammatory mediators, and survival rate.
resultsIn vitro, cilnidipine exhibits antiviral activity against IAV during the early stages of infection. It disrupts clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis to inhibit the internalization of IAV and interacts with the viral HA2 subunit to impede virus membrane fusion. Additionally, cilnidipine suppresses the PI3K-AKT and p38 MAPK pathways activated by IAV infections. In vivo, cilnidipine reduces virus titers and lung index, ameliorates lung pathology, and inhibits pulmonary inflammatory mediator expression, improving survival rates.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the promising anti-IAV properties of cilnidipine both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential as a clinical agent for emergencies against influenza outbreaks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.