ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2026
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Treatment of Youth With Bipolar Disorders.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cultural Adaptation of a Digital Mobile App for Bipolar Disorder (PolarUs): Protocol for a Qualitative Co-Design Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveLittle is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder. This study examined racial and ethnic differences in prescription fill patterns and receipt of recommended treatment among Medicaid-enrolled youth.
methodA retrospective longitudinal cohort study using Medicaid claims data from 36 states was conducted for youth 10 to 17 years of age with a "new episode" of bipolar disorder from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2018 (N = 16,807). Measures related to receipt of guideline-concordant care included filled prescription of a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic, any antidepressant monotherapy, and any psychotherapy visit within 90 days of the new episode of bipolar disorder. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine differences by race/ethnicity in guideline-concordant treatment patterns.
resultsApproximately two-fifths (39.5%) of the cohort filled prescriptions for the recommended treatment of mood stabilizers or antipsychotic medication and about one-half (47.6%) received psychotherapy within 90 days of the first diagnosis during the 365-day follow-up period. Less than one-fifth (17.5%) of youth received antidepressant monotherapy. After controlling for demographic, clinical, and contextual factors, both Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.64-0.77) and non-Hispanic Black youth (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.53-0.63) had lower odds of filling a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic prescription compared to non-Hispanic White youth. Non-Hispanic Black youth also had lower odds of antidepressant monotherapy (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.50-0.64) or receiving psychotherapy (AOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81-0.97) than non-Hispanic White youth.
conclusionRacial/ethnic differences in guideline-concordant treatment for youth with bipolar disorder underscore the need to identify barriers to recommended care for minoritized youth. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Using Medicaid claims data from 36 states, this study identified low prevalence of receipt of guideline-concordant care among Medicaid-enrolled youth aged 10 to 17 years with a new episode of bipolar disorder. We identified marked differences in receipt of recommended treatment by race/ethnicity. Compared to non-Hispanic White youth, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic youth were less likely to receive the recommended first-line medications for bipolar disorder (mood stabilizer or antipsychotic). Non-Hispanic Black youth were less likely to receive psychotherapy. These racial/ethnic differences in receipt of guideline-concordant treatment for youth with bipolar disorder underscore the need to identify barriers to recommended care in this population, particularly among minoritized youth.
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