ArticleEuropean urology oncology2026
Identifying Patients at Risk of Early Lethal Prostate Cancer by Integrating Family History, Polygenic Risk Score, Rare Variants in DNA Repair Genes, and Lifestyle Factors.
Article in European urology oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Familial risks in prostate cancer between brothers and half-brothers as clues to germline genetic and environmental causes.Familial cancer · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk score and 20-year prostate cancer-specific mortality and survival.Communications medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveIn men with prostate cancer, one-third of deaths occur before the age of 75 yr. There remains a need to characterize heritable and environmental risk factors for these early deaths. This study aims to improve risk stratification for early lethal outcomes among prostate cancer patients with genetic factors beyond family history and with modifiable factors.
methodsThis study included 966 prostate cancer patients, enriched for high-risk localized disease and with germline genetic data, in two prospective cohorts. Three genetic factors (family history of prostate cancer, polygenic risk score [PRS] in the top 20%, and rare variants in DNA repair genes) and a lifestyle score were examined for their association with early lethal (metastases/prostate cancer death before the age of 75 yr) compared with nonlethal cases using logistic regression and by calculating 10-yr lethal disease risks. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: In total, 289 lethal, including 77 early lethal, cases were observed (median age at the end follow-up: 84.3 yr). Early lethal cases had higher percentages of men with a family history (23% vs 15%), a high PRS (47% vs 36%), and rare variants (14% vs 7.8%). Having two or more genetic factors was strongly associated with increased odds of early lethal disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-7.0) and linked to higher 10-yr lethal disease risks in high-risk localized patients diagnosed before the age of 75 yr. Healthy men with none of the genetic factors had the lowest odds of early lethal disease (OR, 0.3: 95% CI, 0.1-0.7), compared with unhealthy men with any genetic factor. The pattterns were similar for early fatal disease. The study had limited data for more detailed analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The combination of family history with rare variants, a PRS, and lifestyle factors may improve the identification of prostate cancer patients at risk of early lethal and fatal disease.
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