ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2025
Predictors of persisting symptoms after concussion in children following a traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of persistent post-concussion symptoms in Singaporean school-going children.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Caregiving ability of parents of TBI children at discharge: status quo and derived care strategies.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
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16 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo identify predictors of persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC) in children, following any medically attended traumatic brain injury (TBI).
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingLinked primary and secondary care data from UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics.
participantsChildren aged 1-17 years with a medically attended TBI between 2013 and 2017.
main outcome measureA binary indicator of PSaC or suspected PSaC, measured using either a clinical code for PSaC or medical attendances for one or more PSaC symptoms 3-12 months after TBI.
resultsWe identified 137 873 children with a TBI; 4620 (3.4%) had PSaC or suspected PSaC. More females (3.8%) had PSaC than males (3.1%). Those with PSaC were older at the time of TBI compared with those without PSaC (8 vs 5.5 years). In a multivariable logistic regression model, older age (OR =1.02 per year increase in age, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), female sex (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.28), being Asian (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.54) or mixed ethnicity (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.37) (compared with white ethnicity), having a history of headaches (OR=3.52, 95% CI 3.13 to 3.95), learning disabilities (OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.52), ADHD (OR=2.41, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.04), anxiety (OR=2.58, 95% CI 2.18 to 3.05), depression (OR=4.00, 95% CI 3.28 to 4.89) or sleep disorders (OR=2.35, 95% CI 1.99 to 2.78) were associated with increased odds of PSaC.
conclusionsThese results may be used to identify children more likely to develop PSaC following a TBI and those who may benefit from targeted healthcare for PSaC symptoms. Identifying cases of PSaC in primary care data was challenging as perhaps many children do not attend services for suspected PSaC or, if they did, are not diagnosed with PSaC. Furthermore, the clinical predictors are a measure of healthcare access for these symptoms; thus, results could be influenced by patient or carer's health-seeking behaviour.
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