Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40187344›Full record

ArticleCell2025

Structural basis for plasticity in receptor engagement by an encephalitic alphavirus.

Saravanan Raju, Sathvik Palakurty, Alan Sariol, Ngan Wagoner, Lucas J Adams, Sean Hui, William B Klimstra, Daved H Fremont, Michael S Diamond

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Saravanan RajuDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Sathvik PalakurtyDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Alan SariolDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Ngan WagonerDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Lucas J AdamsDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Sean HuiDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
William B KlimstraThe Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Daved H FremontDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: fremont@wustl.edu.
Michael S DiamondDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: mdiamond@wustl.edu.

Funding

NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARD-MEDICAL SCIENTISTT32GM007200 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI YOKOYAMA, WAYNE M. · 1985 to 2024
$59.8M
Specific and Broadly Active Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics Against The FilovirusesU19AI142790 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI SAPHIRE, ERICA OLLMANN · 2019 to 2023
$40.0M
TO PROVIDE SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT TO THE CENTERS FOR RESEARCH ON STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.75N93022C00035 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI SATCHELL, KARLA · 2022 to 2025
$20.7M
Infectious Diseases/Basic Microbial Pathogenic MechanismsT32AI007172 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Daniel E. Goldberg, JENNIFER A PHILIPS · 1985 to 2026
$13.0M
TRAINING IN THE IMMUNOBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY OF CANCERT32CA009547 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ROBERT DAVID SCHREIBER · 1986 to 2026
$12.1M
Structure-Function Analysis of Mxra8 Interaction with Alphaviruses.R01AI143673 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DIAMOND, MICHAEL S, FREMONT, DAVED H. · 2019 to 2025
$6.5M
LDLRAD3 Receptor Interaction with Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis VirusR01AI164653 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DIAMOND, MICHAEL S, FREMONT, DAVED H. · 2021 to 2025
$3.8M
Impairment of B cell Responses by Pathogenic Chikungunya VirusesR01AI141436 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI DIAMOND, MICHAEL S, MORRISON, THOMAS E · 2019 to 2023
$3.2M
An Informed Approach to Live Attenuated Vaccines against Encephalitis AlphavirusesR01AI153209 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI KLIMSTRA, WILLIAM B · 2020 to 2024
$2.9M
Viral and host factors in neuroinvasion of encephalitis alphavirusesR01AI160188 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAM B KLIMSTRA, Robyn S. Klein · 2022 to 2026
$2.8M
Building an atlas of B cell mediated protective immunity to alphavirusesK08AI187716 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Saravanan Raju · 2025 to 2026
$340k
NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009547NIAID NIH HHS 75N93022C00035NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI187716NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI141436NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI143673NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153209NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI160188NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI164653NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007172NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142790NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The structural basis for shifts in receptor usage remains poorly understood despite the implications for virus adaptation and emergence. Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) strains exhibit different patterns of engagement for two of their entry receptors: very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and protocadherin 10 (PCDH10). Using structural and functional studies, we show that while all WEEV strains have a lipoprotein class A (LA) domain binding site near the E1 fusion loop, VLDLR engagement requires a second binding site in E2 that can vary with single nucleotide substitutions. We also resolve a structure of PCDH10 bound to WEEV, which reveals interactions near the E1 fusion loop with residues that also mediate LA domain binding. Evolutionary analysis enabled the generation of a PCDH10 decoy that protects in vivo against all WEEV strains tested. Our experiments demonstrate how viruses can engage multiple receptors using shared determinants, which likely impacts cellular tropism and virulence.

Indexed as

AlphavirusCadherinsReceptors, LDLReceptors, VirusAnimalsBinding SitesEncephalomyelitis, EquineHumansMiceModels, MolecularProtein BindingProtocadherinsVirus InternalizationCadherinsProtocadherinsReceptors, LDLReceptors, Virusalphaviruscryoelectron microscopypathogenesisreceptorstructuretherapy

Identifiers

PMID40187344
PMCPMC12252583

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.