ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2025
Fish oil and probiotic food supplements: consumptions and attitudes of pregnant women in four European countries.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeFish oil and probiotic supplements may be of benefit during pregnancy, but no information on their use across geographically and socioeconomically diverse countries exists. Our aim was to investigate (1) usage of fish oil and probiotic food supplements by pregnant women, (2) awareness amongst pregnant women of the prevailing recommendations and (3) the characteristics of the users and their beliefs regarding potential health effects of food supplement use, and to compare these variables between women from four European countries.
methodsThe survey was carried out by online questionnaires (n = 1780) in Finland (n = 536), Italy (n = 539), Poland (n = 584), and the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 121). Product information of the supplements used was collected from participants (n = 1356).
resultsOf the participants 49% (n = 670) used fish oil, and 10% (n = 132) used probiotic supplements. The median intake of DHA in the studied countries was 220 (IQR 200-600) mg/d. Users of these supplements were most likely from Finland and primiparous. Recommendations related to fish oil supplement use were most well-known in Poland, where over half knew that fish oil supplements are recommended to be consumed during pregnancy in Poland. Finnish women were most likely to know that there is no recommendation for pregnant women for use of probiotic supplements.
conclusionHalf of the pregnant women used fish oil supplements, while probiotic use was less frequent. Not all pregnant women were familiar with the prevailing recommendations or potential health effects, which should be considered in the diet counselling provided during future health care visits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.