Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40186460›Full record

ArticleApplied psychology. Health and well-being2025

Is virtue its own reward? Moral identity, empathy, and volunteering during adolescence as predictors of subsequent epigenetic aging.

Carlos N Espinoza, Marlon Goering, Alison E Dahlman, Amit Patki, Hemant K Tiwari, Caroline G Richter, Sylvie Mrug

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Applied psychology. Health and well-being, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carlos N EspinozaDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8151-3868
Marlon GoeringDepartment of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6708-6513
Alison E DahlmanDepartment of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
Amit PatkiDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
Hemant K TiwariDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4016-1856
Caroline G RichterDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4810-1770
Sylvie MrugDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5426-8713

Funding

Neurobiological Mechanisms of Lower Internalizing Disorders in Black AmericansR01MH098348 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI KNIGHT, DAVID C, MRUG, SYLVIE · 2012 to 2016
$2.9M
Early Life Stress, DNA Methylation, and Health Disparities across AgesR01MD016044 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI MRUG, SYLVIE · 2021 to 2025
$2.8M
CDC HHS CCU409679CDC HHS CCU609653CDC HHS CCU915773CDC HHS U19DP002663CDC HHS U19DP002664CDC HHS U19DP002665CDC HHS U48DP000046CDC HHS U48DP000056CDC HHS U48DP000057Institutional Review BoardNCCDPHP CDC HHS U19 DP002663NCCDPHP CDC HHS U19 DP002664NCCDPHP CDC HHS U19 DP002665NCCDPHP CDC HHS U48 DP000046NCCDPHP CDC HHS U48 DP000056NCCDPHP CDC HHS U48 DP000057NIH HHS R01MD016044NIH HHS R01MH098348NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD016044NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH098348
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Higher levels of moral identity, empathy, and volunteering (virtues) are associated with increased self-esteem and psychological well-being, which, in turn, are predictive of fewer health problems. Epigenetic aging, a marker of health, reflects the rate at which individuals age biologically relative to their chronological age. Epigenetic aging is shaped by behavioral factors and environmental stressors, but the effects of moral identity, empathy, and volunteering on epigenetic aging are underexplored. Thus, this study examined if these three dimensions of virtue predict epigenetic aging during adolescence and if these relationships are mediated by self-esteem and psychological well-being. The sample included 1,213 adolescents (51% female; 62% Black, 34% Non-Hispanic White, 4% Other race/ethnicity) that participated at three time points between 2004 and 2017 (Mage 13, 16, 19 years). Results revealed that higher moral identity and empathy were associated with higher self-esteem and psychological well-being during early adolescence. Moreover, higher empathy during early adolescence was associated with slower epigenetic aging on the GrimAge clock during late adolescence. Path analyses adjusting for covariates showed that higher self-esteem during middle adolescence predicted slower epigenetic aging in late adolescence, but none of the three virtues in early adolescence predicted self-esteem, psychological well-being, or epigenetic aging over time.

Indexed as

AgingEmpathyEpigenesis, GeneticMoralsSelf ConceptVolunteersAdolescentFemaleHumansMaleYoung Adultempathyepigenetic agingmoral identitypsychological well‐beingself‐esteemvolunteering

Identifiers

PMID40186460
PMCPMC11971714

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.