SynthesisBMC oral health2025
Clinical effects of probiotics on the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Probiotic Short-Term Regiment on Oral Health Parameters in Children: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of a Microencapsulated Sugar-Free Probiotic Oral Rinse on Gingival Health and Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinases 8 and 9 in Children With Down Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryTrial
- A preliminary antimicrobial investigation of lactobacillus bulgaricus probiotic supernatants as an intracanal medication against mature E. faecalis biofilm in an ex-vivo dentin blocks model.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- MPRO3 Regulates Macrophage Polarization and OsteoclastogenesisJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Probiotics and Ozonated Olive Oil to Maintain Oral Eubiosis in Stage I and II Periodontitis Patients: A Randomized Triple-Blind Clinical Trial.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Adjunctive Therapies in Periodontitis: Current Concepts and the Future.Journal of periodontal research · 2026Review
- Host-microbiome-immune disequilibrium in oral disease: mechanisms, dysbiosis, and precision therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The subgingival microbiome in periodontitis: from ecological dysbiosis and metabolic reprogramming to precision interventions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Probiotics in Periodontal Diseases: Mechanisms, Evidence Mapping, Limitations, and Future Directions.Cureus · 2025Review
- The Precision Paradigm in Periodontology: A Multilevel Framework for Tailored Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of Probiotics as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT): A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Using the Immune System for Effective Periodontal and Caries Management.BioMed research international · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis through a meta-analysis of available evidence. MATERIALS AND
methodsA detailed bibliographic search on four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and EMBASE) was conducted with a language restriction. The collected data were assessed according to the predefined eligibility criteria and randomized clinical trials reporting the effects of probiotics on plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket probing depth (PPD) compared to control or placebo groups were selected and analysed. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using SYRCLE's RoB- 2 tool. The GRADEpro tool was used to determine the overall quality of evidence.
resultsTwenty-four studies (10 about gingivitis and 14 about periodontitis) were included in the meta-analysis. In the gingivitis studies, lower but non-significant PI and BOP were found in the probiotic group. In periodontitis, lower PI (95%-CI [- 0.54; - 0.15], p = 0.001) were reported in the probiotic group, and this difference was greater in studies with longer follow-up. Lower BOP (95%-CI [- 0.58; - 0.05], p = 0.021) was also reported, but this difference was only significant in studies with a shorter follow-up (95%-CI [- 0.86; - 0.11], p = 0.012). Meta-analysis for PPD showed lower, but non-significant, values (95%-CI [- 0.53; + 0.03], p = 0.077). However, this difference became significant when assessing studies with shorter follow-up (95% CI [- 0.77; - 0.07], p = 0.019).
conclusionsThe meta-analysis provides evidence suggested that probiotics can serve as a beneficial adjunct to periodontal treatment in patients with periodontitis, particularly in improving clinical outcomes such as plaque index and bleeding on probing. The results from gingivitis studies highlight the need for further investigation to better understand the impact of probiotics in the early stages of periodontal disease. These findings emphasize the importance of future research with standardized protocols and longer follow-up periods to confirm and expand on the clinical utility of probiotics in periodontal therapy.
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