Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40184184›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2025

Patterns in Prescribing and Dispensing Influenza Antivirals Among Adults With Influenza Presenting to Urgent Care and Emergency Department Settings: VISION Network, 2023-2024.

Katherine Adams, Shikha Garg, Sara Y Tartof, Stephanie A Irving, Malini B DeSilva, Nicola P Klein, Karthik Natarajan, Kristin Dascomb, Shaun J Grannis, Toan C Ong and 23 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Katherine AdamsInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1818-1730
Shikha GargInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9345-6669
Sara Y TartofDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Stephanie A IrvingDepartment of Science Programs, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Malini B DeSilvaDepartment of Research, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Nicola P KleinKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1777-4814
Karthik NatarajanDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Kristin DascombDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7422-060X
Shaun J GrannisCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Toan C OngSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
S Bianca SalasDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Lina S SyDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Bruno LewinDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1483-2791
Lei QianDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Allison L NalewayDepartment of Science Programs, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Padma D KoppoluDepartment of Science Programs, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Charlene E McEvoyDepartment of Research, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Omobosola AkinseteDepartment of Research, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Inih EssienDepartment of Research, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0775-8255
Bruce FiremanKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Ousseny ZerboKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8380-6215
Karen B JacobsonKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Julius TimbolKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Varsha NeelamInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9900-3567
Emily L ReevesInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Monica DickersonInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Caitlin RayInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6740-936X
Ruth Link-GellesCoronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9617-806X
Josephine MakCoronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9557-2690
Sarah W BallWestat, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Michael O'ReillyRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Sonja J OlsenInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Mark W TenfordeInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8702-8393

Funding

COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Pregnant Women and their InfantsR01AI168373 · NIAID · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI Ousseny Zerbo · 2022 to 2026
$2.7M
CDC HHS 75D30121D12779Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 75D30123C17595Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 75D30123C18039Intramural CDC HHS CC999999Kaiser Foundation HospitalsNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI168373
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe describe prescribing and dispensing patterns of influenza antivirals among patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza within US urgent care and emergency department settings.

methodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted for encounters from 4 large, integrated health systems participating in the VIrtual Sars-cov-2, Influenza, and Other respiratory viruses Network (VISION) of adult patients presenting with acute respiratory illness to urgent care or emergency departments and with positive influenza virus test results during the 2023-2024 influenza season. The analysis was restricted to adult patients at higher risk of influenza complications based on presence of underlying medical conditions, older age, pregnancy, and severe obesity. We calculated proportions and odds of prescribed and dispensed antivirals by demographic and clinical characteristics.

resultsA total of 10 700 patient encounters were eligible for analysis. Among encounters with a positive standard molecular influenza test result (n = 5231), 58% (range across sites: 47%-64%) were prescribed antivirals, with 67% of prescribing occurring on the encounter date. Among those prescribed antivirals (n = 3050), 80% (range across sites: 75%-91%) had them dispensed, with 65% of dispensing occurring on the prescription date. Encounters among persons aged ≥65 years had lower odds of same-day prescribing (.57; 95% CI: .42-.78) and lower odds of same-day dispensing (.58; 95% CI: .36-.94) compared with those aged 18-49 years.

conclusionsGaps in antiviral treatment within urgent care and emergency department settings remain for patients at higher risk of influenza complications, notably among older adults. Strategies to improve earlier initiation of antiviral treatment may help reduce the risk of influenza-associated complications.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsDrug PrescriptionsEmergency Service, HospitalInfluenza, HumanPractice Patterns, Physicians'AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAmbulatory CareCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesAntiviral Agentsantiviralsdispensinginfluenzaoseltamivirprescribing

Identifiers

PMID40184184
PMCPMC12353082

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.