ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2025
Associations Between Polymorphisms of the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 Genes and Milk Composition Traits in Holstein Cattle.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optimal Combination of Glycine, Asparagine, and Phenylalanine Promotes α-Casein Synthesis and Secretion in MAC-T Cells Through Activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- CSN3 promotes gastric cancer progression and is associated with immune infiltration and inflammatory signaling.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Pan-tissue transcriptomic profiling of dairy cattle.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Integrated methylome-transcriptome profiling reveals epigenetic regulation of immune activation pathways and CSN3-associated lactation repression in bovine subclinical mastitis.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Genetic Diversification and Population Admixture Signatures in Yunnan Native Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCaseins are the major proteins found in cow's milk. There are four known casein fractions: α
objectivesThis study aimed to identify genotypes of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes and investigate their effect on milk components with the PCR-RFLP method in Holstein cattle.
methodsThe material of the study consisted of 519 Holstein cows that managed under intensive systems in Konya (n:189), Manisa (n:195) and Diyarbakır (n:135) provinces in Türkiye. Blood and milk samples from these cows were used in the study. The genetic structures of bovine CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3 genes were examined by PCR-RFLP in three Holstein cattle populations. A general linear model (GLM) was applied to analyse the effect of genotypic variants on phenotypic characters.
resultsResults indicated that milk solids-non-fat (SNF) (p < 0.01), protein (p < 0.05) and lactose (p < 0.01) percentages were significantly affected by the genetic variants of the CSN2 gene of cow in general population. CSN2 A2A2 genotype led to a significant increase in SNF, protein and lactose percentages by 0.14, 0.05 and 0.08 in comparison to other genotypes, respectively. Moreover, significant effect of the CSN1S1 BC (p < 0.05) and CSN3 AA (p < 0.01) genotypes on fat percentage were found in Konya province. Furthermore, a statistically significant genotype-by-environment interaction was identified in both the CSN1S1 (p < 0.05) and CSN3 (p < 0.01) genes in relation to milk fat content.
conclusionsAs a result, after increasing the number of studies that investigated the relationship between casein genes and milk traits and determined the genetic variation of CSN1S1, CSN2 and CSN3 genes of the Holstein cattle, these genes can be a strong genetic marker as marker-assisted selection programme in early selection.
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