Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40183882›Full record

ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2025

Mortality trends of renal diseases due to hypertension in adults: an analysis of gender, race, place of death, and geographical disparities in the United States from 1999 to 2020.

Muhammad Shaheer Bin Faheem, Muhammad Bilal Masood, Aleeza Rehman, Shamikha Cheema, Hafiz Muhammad Kamran Ahmad Mughal, Farhan Ahmed, Muhammad Ahmad Abbasi, Syed Ibrahim Ali, Ibrahim Rashid

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Article in International urology and nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

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3citing papers in PubMed
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3 · Its place in the literature

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3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Muhammad Shaheer Bin FaheemKarachi Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. mshaheerfaheem@gmail.com.
Muhammad Bilal MasoodWah Medical College, Wah, Pakistan.
Aleeza RehmanCMH Institute of Medical Sciences, CIMS, Multan, Pakistan.
Shamikha CheemaKing Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Hafiz Muhammad Kamran Ahmad MughalKarachi Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Farhan AhmedCMH Institute of Medical Sciences, CIMS, Multan, Pakistan.
Muhammad Ahmad AbbasiCMH Institute of Medical Sciences, CIMS, Multan, Pakistan.
Syed Ibrahim AliJinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Ibrahim RashidAkhtar Saeed Trust Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHypertension-related renal diseases remain a significant healthcare concern, particularly in the United States, owing to the higher mortality rate across different demographic groups. This retrospective study aimed to analyze trends in mortality rates of hypertension-related kidney diseases stratified by age, race, gender, urbanization, state, and place of death.

methodsDatabase of Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER was used to extract death certificates among adults in US population from 1999 to 2020 using ICD codes. Gender, race, location of death, urbanization, and geographic location per state were used to determine age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1,000,000 at a significant level of p < 0.05. Annual percentage changes (APC) and average annual percentage changes (AAPC) were computed using the Joinpoint Regression Program.

resultsFrom 1999 to 2020, about 590,139 were reported among adults with a variable trend having a spike of AAMR from 49.5 in 1999 to 140.2 in 2000 followed by another sudden rise in AAMR from 177.5 in 2010 to a peak of 257.4 (APC: 4.85) in 2012. Then there is notable decline to 46.8 (APC: 46.89) in 2015 and afterward, a steady rise to 77.1 (APC: 16.69) observed in 2020. Overall, males (144.9) had higher AAMRs than females (109.2) throughout the study period with females having more deaths. Among races, African Americans (246.2) had highest AAMR among all followed by Hispanics (124.8), American Alaskans (118.6), Whites (111.4), and lastly Asians (102.9). About half deaths were reported in medical facilities (49.44%) with least reported in hospice (3.29%). The highest AAMRs were observed in non-metropolitan regions (142.2) compared to the large metropolitan (114.1) having lowest AAMR with small metropolitan (129.9) in between. The state of Utah (66.5) was observed lowest AAMR in contrast with the state of North Dakota (191.2) having highest AAMR among all states.

conclusionHypertension-related renal diseases were responsible for 590,139 deaths. Males, African American, non-metropolitan areas, and the state of Dakota demonstrated the highest AAMR. Further research is needed to understand the root cause of these disparities.

Indexed as

HypertensionKidney DiseasesAdultAgedFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMortalityRetrospective StudiesSex DistributionSex FactorsUnited StatesAge-adjusted mortality ratesCDC wonderGender and racial disparitiesHypertensionLocation of deathMortality trendsRenal diseases

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PMID40183882

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.