ArticleMedical molecular morphology2025
Transmission electron microscopic analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell spheres formed in 3D cultures.
Article in Medical molecular morphology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Proteomic and immunocytochemical analyses of squamous components in two- and three-dimensional-cultured pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis of anchorage-independent growth ability in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic and senescence-inducing effects of BLU554 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an in vitro study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines are classified into two types: epithelial and mesenchymal protein-expressing. Using scanning electron microscopy, we reported that these two groups differ in terms of morphology when they formed tumor spheres under three-dimensional (3D) culturing. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine the intracellular microstructures of five epithelial and three mesenchymal PDAC cell lines in 3D culture, and compared them to the morphologies of the same cell types in two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Microvilli were present in all PDAC cells cultured in 2D and 3D, and were well developed in epithelial PDAC cells. Desmosome-like structures were only observed in epithelial PDAC cells, and were more common in 3D cultures. Secretory granules were observed in epithelial PDAC and mesenchymal PANC-1 cells, and were more common in 3D cultures. Intracytoplasmic lumina were only observed in epithelial PK-59 and T3M-4 cells cultured in 3D. Abundant filamentous aggregates were observed in 2D-cultured T3M-4 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. By contrast, entosis was observed in 3D-cultured PK-59, PK-1, and KP4 cells. Microstructural differences enhanced by 3D culturing revealed significant phenotypic diversity among PDAC cells, and may provide key insights into curing intractable pancreatic cancer.
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Registered trials
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