ArticleJournal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society2025
Humeral Development Throughout the Arc of Childhood-A 3D MRI Study.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clavicle length and scapulothoracic angle in young children with internal rotation contracture secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy: a bilateral MRI study.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
A quantitative understanding of humeral morphology through the arc of pediatric development is crucial in optimizing the treatment of pediatric shoulder-related orthopedic disorders and athletic overuse injuries. However, data regarding modern normative humeral development are not available. Thus, the aim of this study is to derive biomechanically relevant humeral size and shape measures from a pediatric cohort spanning infancy to adulthood (age 0.6-18.8 years, n = 52). Three-dimensional models were generated by segmenting axial MR images from typically developing, dominant-side humeri. Quadratic regression defined the relationship between each parameter and age. In a sub-cohort, we compared humeral morphological parameters between dominant and nondominant humeri from the same child. Children exhibited a pattern of steady growth, anteversion, and declination throughout development that gradually tapered off toward adulthood. Size measurements had the strongest regressions with age (head diameter: R
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