Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40182418›Full record

ArticleCJC open2025

Evaluation of Information About Cardiovascular Implications of Gender-Affirming Care From Online Chat-based Artificial Intelligence Systems.

Brototo Deb, Michael Fradley, Stephen Cook, Geoffrey D Barnes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in CJC open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Brototo DebDepartment of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University - Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, USA.
Michael FradleyDepartment of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Stephen CookIndiana Heart Physicians, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Geoffrey D BarnesFrankel Cardiovascular Center and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Because of restrictive laws in multiple states for gender-affirming care, patients might be prompted to get recommendations from contemporary online chatbots. This study explored the appropriateness of such recommendations using validated tools to assess patient education materials by a team of LGBTQ-affirming cardiologists. The study showed that although all systems emphasize the need for multidisciplinary care, there were notable differences in the comprehensiveness, cultural appropriateness, and presentation of their responses. GPT-4 (https://chatbotapp.ai) and Gemini (https://gemini.google.com/app) outperformed Bing (https://copilot.microsoft.com), particularly in the balanced and culturally sensitive delivery of information.

Identifiers

PMID40182418
PMCPMC11963172

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.