ArticleCJC open2025
Trends in Global Burden and Socioeconomic Profiles of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in CJC open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pulsed field ablation versus cryoballoon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis with subgroup analyses by AF type.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Development and validation of the GLORIA-AF Stroke Weighted Risk Score for patients with atrial fibrillation.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in China: trends and projections to 2050 from GBD 2023.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Peripheral Expression Profiles of Glutathione Reductase and miR-144 in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Divergent mitochondrial and fibrotic signatures in atrial fibrillation: insights from organoids and GEO data.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Osteopontin in Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Remodeling.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
- Effect of Pulsed Field Ablation System and Post-Ablation Mapping on Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Heart-rate-derived variability measures and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: insights from the MIMIC-IV database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Frequency of Thromboembolic Events, Bleeding, and Mortality in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Observational
- The gut-heart axis in atrial fibrillation: Pathophysiology, evidence, and therapeutic potential.Heart rhythm O2 · 2026Review
- Preserved Ejection, Lost Rhythm: A Narrative Review of the Pathophysiology and Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Concomitant Atrial Fibrillation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Global, regional, and national burden and trends of atrial fibrillation and flutter among individuals aged 55 and older from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 global burden of disease study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Thromboembolism in the left atrial appendage under atrial fibrillation and after sinus rhythm restoration: a computational study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Single-point insulin sensitivity estimator and atrial fibrillation: association and incremental discriminative value in a hospital-based population.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Clinical Profiles of Hospitalized Middle Eastern Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis From the JoFib Study.International journal of vascular medicine · 2026Article
- Integrating machine learning and molecular docking to elucidate the mechanism of atrial fibrillation induced by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease and Implications in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation for the Development of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events with Machine Learning.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Atrial fibrillation and flutter in the Eastern Mediterranean: burden, disparities, and risk factor contributions from 1990 to 2021.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- AI-Powered Precision: Revolutionizing Atrial Fibrillation Detection with Electrocardiograms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Understanding trends in atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) is crucial for effective prevention. This study quantifies the burden and identifies key risk factors for AF/AFL across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021, we employed average annual percentage change (AAPC) and Bayesian Age Period Cohort (BAPC) modelling to assess trends and future projections, with a focus on disparities across Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) levels. Results: In 2021, AF/AFL remained the most common arrhythmia globally, with a prevalence of 52.55 million, 8.36 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and 0.34 million deaths. For each 0.1 increase in SDI, age-standardized mortality rates increased by 4.94%, DALYs by 2.56%, and prevalence rates by 2.40%, highlighting the significant impact of socioeconomic development on AF/AFL burden. AAPC analysis indicated slight increases in deaths, prevalence, and DALYs, along with a decline in incidence, reflecting the impact of public health strategies. However, significant inequalities were observed across SDI levels, with a higher burden in high-SDI regions because of aging populations and improved detection, whereas lower SDI regions faced higher age-standardized mortality rates because of resource constraints. Conclusions: By 2035, we project a 4.07% increase in incidence despite a 6.84% decrease in mortality. Nearly one-half of the AF/AFL burden is linked to modifiable risk factors, underscoring the importance of tailored prevention strategies and improved health care access, especially in lower SDI countries, to mitigate rising disease rates and reduce health care disparities.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
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