ArticleFrontiers in global women's health2025
Bias by gender: exploring gender-based differences in the endorsement of ADHD symptoms and impairment among adult patients.
Article in Frontiers in global women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex Bias in the Clinical Diagnosis of ADHD: A Critical Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Mental Health and Coping in Women With ADHD During the Pandemic.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in a National Sample of US Older Adults.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Neurodevelopmental conditions and adaptive functioning - a co-twin control study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- The Role of Self-Concept Clarity in the Relations Between Disordered Eating, Gender Diversity, and Autistic and ADHD Traits.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Abnormal MRI Features in Children with ADHD: A Narrative Review of Large-Scale Studies.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- "I Felt Like a Burden": An Exploration Into the Experience of Romantic Relationships for People With ADHD.Journal of marital and family therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- New developments and potential future research directions in adult ADHD.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Age-related cognitive complaints and emotional difficulties associated with symptoms of ADHD: a study of gender differences.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Research on adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains limited, particularly regarding the experiences of women. Methods: This exploratory study investigates patient responses to the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA-5), which assesses current (adult) and retrospective (childhood) ADHD symptoms based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). We focused on overall endorsement rates of ADHD symptoms, impairments, and specific examples of both, with particular attention to gender differences. Using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, we analysed existing DIVA-5 data from 2,257 adult patients diagnosed with ADHD at mental health clinics affiliated with the Parnassia Groep in the Netherlands. Results: Our findings indicate that ADHD manifests similarly across men and women, though subtle differences in symptom and impairment patterns emerged. Women more frequently endorsed several inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in adulthood, whereas men reported higher endorsement rates of several childhood symptoms. Regarding impairments, gender-specific patterns were observed in areas such as self-esteem and social relationships. Conclusion: While these differences were small, they highlight the need for further investigation into gendered ADHD manifestations. Additionally, we discuss potential measurement limitations and propose recommendations for refining the DIVA-5 and advancing research on gender differences in ADHD.
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