ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025
Case Report: A case of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in a child following a streptococcal infection.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis that is often overlooked and misdiagnosed in clinical practice. Patients may exhibit fever, rash, myalgia, and further symptoms; in severe instances, this may result in damage to the kidney, heart, and other important organs, and may even be life-threatening. Consequently, prompt diagnosis and intervention might mitigate the occurrence of complications and improve patient prognosis. Patient presentation: An 11-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with multi-joint pain for 7 days, accompanied by worsening fever for 4 days. The physical examination on admission revealed alterations in the skin texture characterized by scaling, a bluish-purple rash, and sensitive subcutaneous nodules on the extremities with limited mobility. Following admission, laboratory testing revealed high serum inflammatory markers, and positive anti-chain "O," rheumatic fever was initially considered. The symptoms were not relieved after the use of antibiotics and aspirin. After reviewing the literature, polyarteritis nodosa was highly suspected, and a skin biopsy indicated necrotizing vasculitis, therefore confirming polyarteritis nodosa. The child's symptoms were alleviated with the use of glucocorticoids in conjunction with immunosuppressive medication. Conclusion: This case involves a child diagnosed with nodular polyarteritis subsequent to a streptococcal infection. For patients with a strong suspicion of polyarteritis nodosa, a timely skin biopsy or arterial angiography should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis and increase survival rates.
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