Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40181842›Full record

ReviewOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland)2025

The application of augmented reality in robotic general surgery: A mini-review.

Gian Luigi Canu, Fabio Medas, Eleonora Noli, Giacomo Calini, Matteo Rottoli, Alessandra Ruggeri, Federico Cappellacci, Pietro Giorgio Calò

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gian Luigi CanuDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
Fabio MedasDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
Eleonora NoliDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
Giacomo CaliniDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Matteo RottoliDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alessandra RuggeriCellular Signalling Laboratory, Anatomy Center, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Federico CappellacciDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
Pietro Giorgio CalòDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In robotic surgery, surgical planning and surgical navigation represent two crucial elements, allowing surgeons to maximize surgical outcomes while minimizing the risk of complications. In this context, an emerging imaging technology, namely augmented reality (AR), can represent a powerful tool to create an integration of preoperative 3D models into the live intraoperative view, providing an interactive visual interface rather than a simple operative field. In this way, surgeons can be guided by preoperative imaging during the operation. This makes the surgical procedure more accurate and safer, leading to so-called "precision surgery". This article aims to provide an overview of developments in the application of AR in robotic general surgery. The integration of this imaging technology in this surgical field is showing promising results. The main benefits include improved oncological outcomes and reduced occurrence of complications. In addition, its application may also be important for surgical education. However, we are still in the initial phase of the experience and some important limitations remain. Moreover, to our knowledge, to date, reports in the literature regarding the integration of AR in robotic general surgery are still very limited. To improve its application, close collaboration between engineers, software developers, and surgeons is mandatory.

Indexed as

augmented realitygeneral surgeryhuman–robot interactionimaging technologiesrobotic surgery

Identifiers

PMID40181842
PMCPMC11967487

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.