Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40181663›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025

Carbon Dot-Linked Hydrogel for TAMs Transform: Spatiotemporal Manipulation to Reshape Tumor Microenvironment.

Lingyun Li, Jun Wu, Xue Wu, Zhenjian Li, Xianming Zhang, Zekun Yan, Yingqi Liang, Caishi Huang, Songnan Qu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lingyun LiJoint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China.
Jun WuJoint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China.
Xue WuJoint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China.
Zhenjian LiJoint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China.
Xianming ZhangJoint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China.
Zekun YanJoint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China.
Yingqi LiangJoint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China.
Caishi HuangFaculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China.
Songnan QuJoint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4159-096X

Funding

Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau SAR 0002/2024/TFPScience and Technology Development Fund of Macau SAR 0007/2021/AKPScience and Technology Development Fund of Macau SAR 0139/2022/A3Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project SGDX20210823103803021University of Macau-Dr. Stanley Ho Medical Development Foundation "Set Sail for New Horizons, Create the Future" GrantUniversity of Macau-Huafa Group Joint Laboratory HF-001-2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As one of the most crucial immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), regulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is vital for enhancing antitumor immunity. Here, an injectable carbon dots (CDs)-linked egg white hydrogel was developed, termed TAMs Transform Factory (TTF-L-C), to spatiotemporally manipulate TAMs. The fabricated CDs significantly promoted macrophage migration. Notably, TTF-L-C achieved macrophage spatial enrichment through CDs-induced directional recruitment with molecular Ctnnd1 upregulation. Subsequently, the recruited macrophages were locoregionally reprogrammed within TTF-L-C, as well as blocking the upregulated PD-L1. Finally, through multi-stage regulation at spatial, cellular, and molecular levels, TTF-L-C released immune-activated M1 macrophages to the tumor site as it degraded. Moreover, TTF-L-C promoted dendritic cell (DCs) maturation and further boosted T cell activation, thereby reshaping the tumor-suppressive TME. Through peritumoral injection, TTF-L-C enhanced tumor immunotherapy in both subcutaneous and recurrent 4T1 tumor models with satisfactory biosafety. Therefore, TTF-L-C is proposed to become a safe and powerful platform for various biomedical applications.

Indexed as

CarbonHydrogelsMacrophagesQuantum DotsTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsCell Line, TumorCell MovementDendritic CellsFemaleHumansImmunotherapyMiceMice, Inbred BALB CCarbonHydrogelscarbon dotshydrogelmacrophage recruitmentmacrophage reprogramtumor immunotherapy

Identifiers

PMID40181663
PMCPMC12087752

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.