Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40181251›Full record

Observational studyJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025

Wearable sensors for measuring spontaneous upper limb use in children with unilateral cerebral palsy and typical development.

Elena Beani, Mattia Franchi de 'Cavalieri, Silvia Filogna, Veronica Barzacchi, Matteo Cianchetti, Martina Maselli, Giada Martini, Valentina Menici, Giuseppe Prencipe, Elisa Sicola and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03054441 (Detection of Asymmetries in Upper Limb Use Through Actigraphs), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03054441 completednot on this map

Detection of Asymmetries in Upper Limb Use Through Actigraphs

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorIRCCS Fondazione Stella MarisRan2017 to 2018Enrolled106ConditionsHemiplegia, Hemiplegic Cerebral PalsyArmsActigraph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Elena Beani *Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Mattia Franchi de 'Cavalieri *Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
Silvia FilognaDepartment of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy. silvia.filogna@fsm.unipi.it.
Veronica BarzacchiDepartment of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
Matteo CianchettiThe BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Martina MaselliThe BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Giada MartiniDepartment of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
Valentina MeniciDepartment of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
Giuseppe PrencipeDepartment of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Elisa SicolaDepartment of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
Giovanni CioniDepartment of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
Giuseppina SgandurraDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme 101057309Ministero della Salute ERAPerMED2019-254Ministero della Salute RC2019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnilateral Cerebral Palsy (UCP) is a clinical condition which mainly involves the movement and muscle tone of one side of the body, often impacting the general manual function. While there are some clinical assessment tools aimed to quantify the Upper Limbs (UpLs) use and the manual abilities, acquiring information regarding the motor abilities outside the clinical environment, such as the UpLs use and their asymmetry during daily life, could provide a more complete evaluation of the child and open a new clinical reasoning. For this purpose, wearable sensors are one of the newest approaches for continuously monitoring UpLs functions without being invasive. The aim of this study was to use wearable sensors to compare spontaneous/daily UpLs usage and asymmetry with the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) test, as well as comparing the daily UpLs usage behavior of children with UCP with respect to Typical Developing (TD) peers.

methodsEighty children (54 with UCP and 26 TD) wore an Actigraph sensor on each wrist during the AHA test and then at least for the following week of daily life. The amount of use of each hand and the asymmetry were analyzed during both the AHA and the following week of daily life using linear regression analysis and ANOVA models.

resultsSignificant relationships were found between the asymmetry detected during the week and both the AHA scores and the asymmetry detected during the test. UCP and TD children week asymmetry distributions were significantly different; moreover, some differences were found when grouping them by MACS levels.

conclusionThis paper proposes a new and easy technological methodology for monitoring UpLs behavior in daily life. Through wearable sensor data analysis, we demonstrate a linear correlation between asymmetry measured during smi-structured assessments and daily life. Additionally, we provide evidence of distinct patterns of UpLs usage between typically developing children and children with UCP in daily life.

trial registrationClinical Trials.gov (NCT03054441).

Indexed as

Cerebral PalsyUpper ExtremityWearable Electronic DevicesActigraphyActivities of Daily LivingChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleAccelerometersActigraphAHAAsymmetryCerebral palsyDaily lifeMonitoringUCPUpper limbWearable sensors

Identifiers

PMID40181251
PMCPMC11967128

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.