ArticleGenetics2025
Identification of regions required for allelic specificity at the cell wall remodeling allorecognition checkpoint in Neurospora crassa.
Article in Genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Allorecognition is the ability of organisms/cells to differentiate self from nonself. In Neurospora crassa, allorecognition systems serve as checkpoints to restrict germling/hyphal fusion between genetically incompatible strains. The cell wall remodeling (cwr) checkpoint functions after chemotrophic interactions and is triggered upon cell/hyphal contact, regulating cell wall dissolution and subsequent cell fusion. The cwr region consists of 2 linked loci, cwr-1 and cwr-2, that are under severe linkage disequilibrium. Phylogenetic analyses of N. crassa populations showed that cwr-1/cwr-2 alleles fall into 6 different haplogroups. Strains containing deletions of cwr-1 and cwr-2 fuse with previously haplogroup incompatible cells, indicating that cwr negatively regulates cell fusion. CWR-1 encodes a chitin polysaccharide monooxygenase; the polysaccharide monooxygenase (PMO) domain confers allelic specificity by interacting in trans with the predicted transmembrane protein, CWR-2, from a different haplogroup. However, catalytic activity of CWR-1 is not required for triggering a block in cell fusion. Two variable regions of CWR-1 (L2 and LC) in the PMO domain show high levels of structural variability between different haplogroups. CWR-1 chimeras containing a LC region from a different haplogroup were sufficient to trigger a cell fusion block, suggesting that the complete PMO domain structure is necessary for allorecognition. Modeling of the transmembrane protein CWR-2 revealed allelic variability in the 2 major extracellular domains (ED2/ED4). Chimeras of CWR-2 with swapped ED2 or ED4 or ED2/ED4 from different cwr-2 haplogroups also altered allelic specificity. This work identified key regions of CWR-1 and CWR-2 that contribute to allorecognition specificity, providing insight into the molecular basis of this process.
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