Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40181085›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Development of simulated human milk ultrafiltrate (SHMUF) for analysis of native particles in human milk.

Johanna R de Wolf, Jos M J Paulusse, Nienke Bosschaart

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Johanna R de WolfDepartment of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands. j.r.dewolf@utwente.nl.
Jos M J PaulusseDepartment of Molecules and Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
Nienke BosschaartDepartment of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands.

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council 101040376
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research into human milk often involves freezing, thawing and diluting. However, these steps influence the integrity of native milk particles, such as casein micelles (CMs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Correct sample preparation is vital for research into these particles, but validated protocols are scarce in the literature. Here, we design, synthesise and evaluate a novel medium for dilution: simulated human milk ultrafiltrate (SHMUF), aimed to preserve particle integrity. We evaluate the stability of fresh and frozen/thawed human milk in SHMUF, bovine simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and demineralised water through changes in light scattering in optical transmission. Light scattering by human milk diluted with SHMUF remains stable for 10 h, whereas substantial changes are observed for milk samples diluted with the other media. Likewise, freezing and thawing cause changes in light scattering. We conclude that SHMUF most optimally preserves native particles, and that - ideally - freezing and thawing should be avoided.

Indexed as

Milk, HumanAnimalsCaseinsCattleExtracellular VesiclesFreezingHumansMicellesUltrafiltrationCaseinsMicellesCasein micellesDilutionExtracellular vesiclesFreezing and thawingHuman milkSimulated milk ultrafiltrate

Identifiers

PMID40181085
PMCPMC11968961

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.