ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2025
West Nile Virus Outbreak in Israel 2024 Compared with Previous Seasons: A Retrospective Study.
Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT07094724 (High-titer West Nile Virus-neutralizing Plasma for Hospitalized Patients With West Nile Fever), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
High-titer West Nile Virus-neutralizing Plasma for Hospitalized Patients With West Nile Fever: a Prospective Controlled Clinical Study Using Historical Controls
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of Corticosteroid Therapy on Patients With West Nile Virus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Utility of blood biomarkers in inpatients with West Nile virus infection: an exploratory study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of West Nile virus infections in Istanbul, Türkiye: a population-based cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSince May 2024, Israel has been experiencing a large West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized cases to previous years and identify predictors of poor outcomes.
methodsA retrospective study. We compared WNV infection cases hospitalized during the 2024 outbreak (from 29 May to 29 July) to cases hospitalized during 2018-2023. For the entire cohort, risk factors for poor outcomes were investigated using multivariable analyses. The primary outcomes were death and a composite outcome of 30-day all-cause mortality, prolonged hospitalization (≥ 28 days), or discharge to an institution.
resultsWe included 134 patients, 103 admitted during 2024 and 31 during 2018-2023. The majority (109/134, 81%) had neuroinvasive disease, mostly encephalitis. In 2024, patients were older, with a lower functional state, and a higher proportion were severely immunocompromised. Mortality was numerically higher in 2024 (15/103, 15% versus 2/31, 6%). Altogether, nearly 40% of patients had poor outcomes, including 13% (17/134) mortality and 25% (34/134) discharged to institutions. Nearly 30% of patients who were severely immunocompromised died; all had B-cell depletion. Age was the only significant predictor of poor outcomes in multivariable analysis; however, patients with B-cell depletion had > 3 times higher odds for mortality (odds ratio 3.26, 95% confidence interval 0.73-13.07).
conclusionsThe large 2024 outbreak of WNV was associated with considerable mortality and functional impairment among hospitalized patients that was higher compared with previous years. Poor outcomes were particularly observed in older adults and patients with B-cell depletion. The observation of severe disease and poor outcomes in patients with B-cell depletion, as well as possible therapeutic implications, should be further investigated.
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