ReviewCNS drugs2025
The Evolution of Anti-CD20 Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis: Optimization of Antibody Characteristics and Function.
Review in CNS drugs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of extended-interval dosing of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis with subgroup evaluation.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Five Years of Ublituximab in Multiple Sclerosis: ULTIMATE I and II Open-Label Extension Study.JAMA neurology · 2026Trial
- Disease outcomes with ublituximab in treatment-naïve participants: subpopulation analyses of the phase 3 ULTIMATE I and II studies in participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- The influence of anti-CD20-directed B cell depletion across different agents on Epstein-Barr virus-specific humoral and cellular immunity in patients with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Ocrelizumab versus ofatumumab efficacy and safety after natalizumab discontinuation in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective real-world comparison.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Targeting progressive multiple sclerosis: Toward mechanism-informed precision medicine.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical Cognition and Practice in Anti-Interferon-γ Autoantibody-Associated Immunodeficiency Syndrome.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Reply to "Comparative Safety Profiles of Ocrelizumab and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Real-World Evidence".Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Ublituximab in People with Highly Active Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- B Cells and B Cell Depletion in Autoimmunity and Atherosclerosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review on Prevention and the Concept of an Infection-Driven Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Research Progress in Pharmacological Targeted Therapy for Myasthenia Gravis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Multiple sclerosis patients under treatment with interferon β1-a or ocrelizumab exhibit different T and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Positioning siponimod and the post-treatment gap: the unmet needs of SPMS patients in Italian real-world practice.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- T cell-mediated immunodysregulation in multiple sclerosis: from pathogenic subsets to therapeutic advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- The dual nature of neuroinflammation in networked brain.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Infusion-related reactions and premedication patterns in ublituximab-treated multiple sclerosis patients: a multicenter real-world study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
B-cell depletion with CD20-targeted agents is commonly used for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), other autoimmune diseases, and certain hematologic malignancies. Initial apparent success with rituximab in MS and neuromyelitis optica spurred development of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and ublituximab as well as the anti-CD19 mAb inebilizumab. While each are effective at targeting and depleting B cells, structural differences translate into different mechanisms of action affecting maintenance of B-cell depletion and safety and tolerability. Although the anti-CD20 mAbs differ in degree of human versus mouse sequences as well as target CD20 epitope, these properties do not appear to substantially affect activity or tolerability. In contrast, an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) versus a complement-dependent cytotoxicity mechanism of action as well as subcutaneous versus intravenous administration may provide improved tolerability. Glycoengineering of the mAbs ublituximab and inebilizumab enhances ADCC and can overcome the reduced responses to mAb-mediated B-cell depletion associated with certain genetic polymorphisms. Other strategies for therapeutic targeting of CD20, including brain shuttle antibodies (e.g., RO7121932), bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and antibody-drug conjugates, are in active clinical development and may be future treatment approaches in MS and other B-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.