ReviewRenal failure2025
High altitude renal syndrome: four elements or one source?
Review in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chronic high-altitude exposure and intracerebral hemorrhage: A novel perspective from the vascular-immune-neuronal network.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- High-Altitude Residence, Blood Biomarkers, and Chronic Disease Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Excessive erythrocytosis and the hypertensive phenotype at high altitude: emerging evidence and unresolved questions.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Temporal dynamics of glomerular and microvascular remodeling in high-altitude renal injury: a structure-function analysis in rats.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Computational Approaches and Structure-Based Drug Design of CAIs.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury among neurocritical patients in high-altitude regions: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High Altitude Renal Syndrome (HARS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by polycythemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension, and albuminuria at high altitudes. This review emphasizes hypoxia-induced High Altitude Polycythemia (HAPC) as its core driver. In 2014, the 6th Qinghai International Conference on Mountain Medicine and High Altitude Physiology established international diagnostic criteria for HAPC (hemoglobin ≥210g/L in males, ≥190g/L in females). HAPC triggers systemic hypoxia, leading to hyperuricemia via uric acid overproduction and reduced renal excretion, hypertension from hemodynamic changes, and glomerular injury through erythrocytosis. Pathological mechanisms involve HIF-2α-mediated glomerular hypertrophy and podocyte damage. Treatment strategies target HAPC and downstream effects. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide) reduce hematocrit and improve oxygen saturation, but newer agents like methazolamide and dichlorphenamide offer equivalent efficacy with fewer side effects (e.g., reduced central nervous system toxicity). For severe cases, descending to lower altitudes remains the gold standard. Additional interventions include calcium channel blockers (nifedipine), urate-lowering drugs, and experimental therapies such as HIF-2α inhibitors (PT2385) and endothelin receptor antagonists (matitan). This analysis underscores HAPC as the primary etiology of HARS, advocating revised diagnostic criteria and treatment prioritization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.