Trial reportClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2024
Frailty, Multimorbidity, and Polypharmacy: Exploratory Analyses of the Effects of Empagliflozin from the EMPA-KIDNEY Trial.
Trial report in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interplay between frailty and cardiometabolic disorders: from pathophysiology to clinical implications.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Pooled it
- Long-Term Effects of Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Trial
- Cardioprotective properties of empagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Optimizing cardiovascular pharmacotherapy in older adults with frailty.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors' Efficacy in Older and Frail Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Gout-Related Medication Use After Initiating Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Gout and Type 2 Diabetes: Population-Based Target Trial Emulation Studies.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Demographic Mix of Care Homes and Personalised Use of SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1RAs in Residents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- SGLT2 inhibitors in frailty: a review of current evidence, and clinical recommendations.The British journal of cardiology · 2026Article
- Comorbidity Between Mood Disorders and Chronic Somatic Diseases, With a Focus on Cardiometabolic Disease, and Its Mechanistic Crosstalk.Depression and anxiety · 2026Review
- What to do with key cardiovascular drugs when kidney function worsens?Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- SGLT2 inhibitor role in cardio-metabolic-renal diseases: a narrative review of recent evidence and their pharmacological, clinical and economic implications.Drugs in context · 2026Review
- The Multimorbidity Knowledge Domain: A Bibliometric Analysis of Web of Science Literature from 2004 to 2024.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The use of SGLT2 inhibitors in older people: What is important?Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Review
- Optimizing Care for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Leveraging Implementation Science in the Path Toward Pharmacoequity.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Maintaining kidney health in aging societies: a JSN and ERA call to action.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition and Hospitalizations in Patients with CKD: A Meta-Analysis of Kidney Outcome Trials.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Article
- A review of the safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- The potential for improving cardio-renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease with the aldosterone synthase inhibitor vicadrostat (BI 690517): a rationale for the EASi-KIDNEY trial.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Article
- Benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease - where have we gone so far?Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Review
- Derivation and Validation of Prediction Models for Prolonged Length of Stay and 30-Day Readmission in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are recommended treatment for adults with CKD, but uncertainty exists regarding their use in patients with frailty and/or multimorbidity, among whom polypharmacy is common. We derived a multivariable logistic regression model to predict hospitalization (reflecting frailty) and assessed empagliflozin's risk–benefit profile in a post hoc analysis of the double-blind, placebo-controlled EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Methods: The EMPA-KIDNEY trial randomized 6609 patients with CKD (eGFR ≥20 to <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, or ≥45 to <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥200 mg/g) to receive either empagliflozin 10 mg daily or matching placebo and followed them for 2 years (median). Additional characteristics analyzed in subgroups were multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and health-related quality of life at baseline. Cox regression analyses were performed with subgroups defined by approximate thirds of each variable. Results: The strongest predictors of hospitalization were N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, poor mobility, and diabetes and then eGFR and other comorbidities. Empagliflozin was generally well tolerated independent of predicted risk of hospitalization. In relative terms, allocation to empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death by 28% (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.82) and all-cause hospitalization by 14% (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.95), with broadly consistent effects across subgroups of predicted risk of hospitalization, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, or health-related quality of life. In absolute terms, the estimated benefits of empagliflozin were greater in those at highest predicted risk of hospitalization (reflecting frailty) and outweighed potential serious harms. Conclusions: These findings support the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in CKD, irrespective of frailty, multimorbidity, or polypharmacy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.