ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
Electrostatically Reinforced Double Network Granular Hydrogels.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Electrostatically Reinforced Double Network Granular Hydrogels.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rapid advances in biomedical applications and soft robotics demand load-bearing soft materials that can be processed into complex 3D shapes. Direct ink writing (DIW) enables the fabrication of customizable shapes with locally varying compositions. Hydrogels that are formulated as microgels meet the rheological requirements that DIW imparts on the inks if they are jammed. However, most granular hydrogels are soft because inter-particle interactions are weak. These hydrogels can be reinforced with a second hydrogel, yielding double network granular hydrogels (DNGHs). Yet, DNGHs suffer from low fracture energy. This limitation is addressed by electrostatically reinforcing them. The resulting materials exhibit Young's moduli and fracture energies similar to values of cartilage and muscles. An empirical model is proposed to predict the fracture energy of these reinforced DNGHs, based on the dissipation zone size, contact area, and adhesion energy. These DNGHs can be 3D-N, N-methylene bisacrylamideprinted into free-standing structures exhibiting tuneable mechanical properties at the centimeter scale without the need for supporting structures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.