Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40178181›Full record

ArticleThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2025

Dual combination therapy versus long-acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Yuji Oba, Mona Pathak, Tinashe Maduke, Eddie W Fakhouri, Sofia Dias

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. LAMC2 Drives Airway Remodeling in COPD via EMT Regulation Through the AKT Pathway.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yuji ObaDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Mona PathakPharmacotherapy College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Flower Mound, Texas, USA.
Tinashe MadukeDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Eddie W FakhouriDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Sofia DiasCentre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the comparative efficacy and safety of fixed-dose dual inhalers (i.e. LABA/LAMA versus ICS/LABA) and combination therapies versus LABA or LAMA monotherapy in individuals with moderate to very severe COPD, using network meta-analysis, and to rank these treatments based on their efficacy and safety.

Indexed as

Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor AgonistsBronchodilator AgentsMuscarinic AntagonistsPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveAdministration, InhalationAdrenal Cortex HormonesDrug CombinationsDrug Therapy, CombinationHumansNetwork Meta-Analysis as TopicRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSystematic Reviews as TopicAdrenal Cortex HormonesAdrenergic beta-2 Receptor AgonistsBronchodilator AgentsDrug CombinationsMuscarinic Antagonists

Identifiers

PMID40178181
PMCPMC11967328

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.