ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2025
High Volume and High Positivity of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Tests by Anatomic Site From a Large National Laboratory in the United States, 2019 to 2023.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Socioeconomic factors associated with chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity in the United States, 2022-2024.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of chlamydial infection: a systematic analysis of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs with projections to 2046.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Spatial patterns and socio-environmental determinants of gonorrhea incidence in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundChlamydia and gonorrhea are among the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infections in the United States. Testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea infection can be conducted by anatomic site (site-specific). Monitoring testing volume and positivity by anatomic site is important.
methodsUsing a large national laboratory dataset, we assessed chlamydia and gonorrhea test volume and positivity by anatomical site in patients aged 15 to 60 years.
resultsThe data contained 45 million tests each for chlamydia and gonorrhea for 2019 to 2023. Of chlamydia tests, 71.6% were for women. Among women, 0.4%, 1.5%, and 98.1% were performed on rectal, pharyngeal, and urogenital specimens; chlamydia positivity rates were 7.3%, 2.0%, and 4.3%, respectively. Among men, 10.5%, 13.7%, and 75.8% were performed on rectal, pharyngeal, and urogenital specimens; chlamydia positivity rates were 8.0%, 1.4%, and 6.3%, respectively. Among people aged 15 to 24 years, chlamydia positivity was 12.8% for rectal, 3.4% for pharyngeal, and 8.7% for urogenital among women, and 11.6%, 2.4%, and 12.2% among men, respectively. Gonorrhea testing volume overall and by age and sex was similar to that of chlamydia. Gonorrhea rectal, pharyngeal, and urogenital positivity rates were 3.2%, 2.4%, and 1.0% among women; 6.8%, 5.2%, and 3.3% among men; and 4.3%, 3.0%, and 1.6% among women aged 15 to 24 years, and 10.5%, 7.2%, and 4.6% among men aged 15 to 24 years, respectively.
conclusionsAlthough men accounted for <30% of overall chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, they accounted for a majority of extragenital testing. High rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity by specimen type among many demographic groups, especially for extragenital specimens from men and young people, highlight the importance of sexually transmitted infection prevention in the United States.
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