ArticleCurrent research in microbial sciences2025
Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies.
Article in Current research in microbial sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- A highly potent, stable, and safe dePEGylated lipopeptide against Nipah virus and related henipaviruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- In silico analysis of pH stabilising mutations of hemagglutinin of influenza A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Enhanced induction of inflammatory cytokines in human lung cells infected with highly pathogenic recent H5N1/2024 avian influenza virus.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Sialic acid-anchored haemagglutinin stalk neutralizing antibody M-SiaB enhances protection against highly pathogenic influenza H5N1/Texas/2024.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Detection of antibodies to avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in naturally infected cattle for more than a year.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An NS1-F161L Substitution Determines Host-Driven Virulence Enhancement of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Ducks.Viruses · 2026Article
- PotentJournal of virology · 2026Article
- Emergence of a novel reassorted high pathogenicity avian influenza A(H5N2) virus associated with severe pneumonia in a young adult.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evolution of H5N1 Cross-Species Transmission: Adaptive Mutations Driving Avian-to-Human Infection.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Advancing A(H5N1) influenza risk assessment in ferrets through comparative evaluation of airborne virus shedding patterns.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Oseltamivir and baloxavir monotherapy and combination therapy efficacy against clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) influenza virus infection in ferrets.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Methods for detecting highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in dairy processing environments.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Converging threats: The intersection of seasonal influenza surges and zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza.Global health & medicine · 2025Article
- H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b: Evolution, Global Spread, and Host Range Expansion.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Adaptation and Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Dairy Cattle: An Emerging Threat to Humans, Pets, and Peridomestic Animals.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in dairy cattle: implications for public health, animal health, and pandemic preparedness.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Review
- Emerging Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Causes Neurological Disease and Mortality in Scavenging Ducks in Bangladesh.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- H5N1 Avian Influenza: A Narrative Review of Scientific Advances and Global Policy Challenges.Viruses · 2025Review
- Emerging threats of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: cross-species transmission, pathogenesis, and pandemic risk.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent report of the first fatality associated with infection by influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, identified as genotype D1.1, which is distinct from the B3.13 genotype, has sparked fears of a potential human pandemic. However, the genetic relationships between B3.13 and D1.1, as well as their origins, host adaptability, and antiviral resistance, remain poorly understood. Here we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic and comparative analysis of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b across multiple species, in order to identify the molecular characteristics and frequency of resistance mutations in these two genotypes, elucidate their evolutionary trajectories, and assess their implications for public health. Our results demonstrate that B3.13 exhibits mammalian adaptability, while D1.1 retains avian adaptability. Importantly, both genotypes display limited occurrences of human-like signatures, which can help alleviate public anxiety. Additionally, the emergence of the resistance mutations in the clade 2.3.4.4b on the binding sites of antivirals calls for the development of multi-target antiviral strategies to mitigate the risk of resistant strain reassortment.
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