ReviewCureus2025
Prevalence and Determinants of Hookah Smoking Among the Youth: A Scoping Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effect of an educational program on Hookah smoking among female university students: applying the integrated model of theory of planned behavior and prototype willingness model.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Profiles of risk taking behaviors among hookah smokers and associations with life satisfaction.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hookah smoking is highly prevalent and has been rising in popularity among young people worldwide. Yet, no recent and comprehensive reviews have been published to assess the prevalence and identify the main predictors of hookah use. We have thus carried out a comprehensive scoping review to consolidate and review the existing evidence for the prevalence and main determinants of hookah smoking among youth. A comprehensive literature search was thus conducted utilizing various databases including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Embase, and MEDLINE to identify relevant studies. To be incorporated in this review, studies had to include individuals below the age of 25, measure the prevalence of hookah smoking, or examine the determinants of hookah smoking. The review showed that hookah is mostly prevalent among youth from the Middle Eastern region, USA, South Asia, and various European countries. It also identified the main determinants of hookah smoking, which include age, the male gender, socioeconomic status, geographic region, other forms of substance use, knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward hookah smoking, sensation seeking, having friends and/or family members who smoke hookah, social acceptability, intention, accessibility, and lack of enforcement of prohibiting laws. The main determinants of hookah use include having friends and/or family members who smoke hookah, social acceptability, attitude, accessibility, and lack of enforcement of prohibiting laws. Public health authorities, educators, and other stakeholders should implement educational interventions to enhance the knowledge level on hookah smoking's harm and addiction and should target not only the individuals but also the family and the social environment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.