Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40177440›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Food and Water Safety Risks From Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli Contamination in Bukavu City, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Alain M Okito, John M Wagacha, Catherine W Lukhoba, Alex A Lina, Wolfgang R Mukabana

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alain M OkitoDepartment of Biology, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, COD.
John M WagachaDepartment of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KEN.
Catherine W LukhobaDepartment of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KEN.
Alex A LinaDepartment of Biology, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, COD.
Wolfgang R MukabanaDepartment of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KEN.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction Bukavu city is facing sanitation challenges, with many reported cases of epidemics such as cholera, salmonellosis, and other infectious diseases. Food and water sold under poor sanitation conditions are exposed to potential contamination by pathogenic bacteria. Consumers are therefore at risk of contracting bacterial infections, which could increase the burden of infectious diseases. Solid waste and wastewater management is unsatisfactory in Bukavu city. Few scientific investigations have been conducted to assess the influence of environmental conditions on food and water contamination. For these reasons, this study aimed to investigate the quality of food sold in restaurants and on the streets, as well as the types of water and milk produced and consumed, since food safety and environmental sanitation remain major public health challenges in Bukavu city. Objective The broad objective of this study was to assess the safety risks associated with food and water contamination by

Indexed as

bacterial infectious diseasebukavu restaurantsescherichia colifood safety practicesone health approachpublic and environmental healthsalmonella enterica

Identifiers

PMID40177440
PMCPMC11963736

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.