ArticleRadiology case reports2025
An atypical multiple autoimmune syndrome: A case report including myocarditis.
Article in Radiology case reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases has been epidemiologically studied and has contributed to our understanding of autoimmunity. The underlying mechanisms of this syndrome remain elusive; however, its prevalence may be higher than currently documented. The co-occurrence of at least 3 autoimmune diseases in a single patient has been defined as multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS). This syndrome can be classified into 3 categories based on the prevalence of their associations with one another: type 1, type 2, and type 3. Myocarditis is classified as type 3, and typically does not present with connective tissue involvement. This report presents the case of a young female with known autoimmune disorders: rheumatoid arthritis (RA)and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (GSJ). The patient presented with MRI-confirmed myocarditis, likely of autoimmune origin, combining the 3 conditions in an atypical presentation. An additional noteworthy aspect of this case is the uncommon occurrence of myocarditis in rheumatoid arthritis, and even more so in Sjögren's syndromes.
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