Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40176105›Full record

ArticleVirology journal2025

Characterization of the epidemiology, susceptibility genes and clinical features of viral infections among children with inborn immune errors: a retrospective study.

Haiqiao Zhang, Wenjie Wang, Qinhua Zhou, Jia Hou, Wenjing Ying, Xiaoying Hui, Jinqiao Sun, Lipin Liu, Luyao Liu, Chenhao Wang and 3 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Virology journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Haiqiao ZhangShanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Wenjie WangDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Qinhua ZhouDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Jia HouDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Wenjing YingDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoying HuiDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Jinqiao SunDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Lipin LiuDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Luyao LiuDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Chenhao WangDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Hai ZhangDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Bijun SunDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China. sunbijun1990@163.com.
Xiaochuan WangShanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. xchwang@shmu.edu.cn.

Funding

the "Sailing Program" of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee 23YF1403400the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project ZD2021CY001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough viral infections are one of the common clinical manifestations in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), little is known about the epidemiology, susceptibility genes, and clinical status of viral infections in patients with IEIs.

methodsThe demographic information, clinical diagnoses, and laboratory findings of 931 IEI patients who underwent viral testing from January 2016 to December 2022 were collected and analyzed.

resultsIn total, 47.15% (439/931) patients with IEI tested positive for at least one virus during hospitalization. There were a total of 640 viral infections during the study period, mainly from EBV 131 (20.47%), HRV 102(15.94%), CMV 100(15.63%), and RV 84(13.13%). CMV and RV infections were more common in the combined immunodeficiencies (IEI_I) group during the infant stage, whereas EBV infection was more common in the immune dysregulation (IEI_IV) group during the preschool stage. Mutations in SH2D1A (57.14%), PIK3CD (56.41%) and LRBA (50%) make individuals susceptible to EBV infection; mutations in WAS (30%) make individuals susceptible to CMV infection; and mutations in IL2RG (56.52%) and RAG1 (37.5%) make individuals susceptible to RV infection. Joinpoint analysis revealed trends in viral positivity in different years.

conclusionThese data suggest that it is possible to target the prevention, treatment, and management of IEI patients who are infected with a virus by accounting for the age at infection, type of IEI, and mutant genes, but special attention needs to be paid to viral infections in IEI_I and IEI_IV patients during the infant stage.

Indexed as

Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseVirus DiseasesAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMutationRetrospective StudiesClinical featuresEpidemiologyGeneInborn errors of immunityVirus infection

Identifiers

PMID40176105
PMCPMC11963556

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.