Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40175920›Full record

ArticleBMC nephrology2025

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection increases the risk of kidney disease while antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus can decrease kidney disease risk.

Kaori L Ito, Yuqing Zhang, Biao Li, Andrew King, Leland J Yee, Catherine Frenette, Frida Abramov, John F Flaherty, Vladislav A Malkov

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kaori L ItoGilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.
Yuqing ZhangGilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.
Biao LiGilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.
Andrew KingScripps Clinic Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Leland J YeeGilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA. Leland.yee4@gilead.com.
Catherine FrenetteGilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.
Frida AbramovGilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.
John F FlahertyGilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.
Vladislav A MalkovGilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExtrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection include development of kidney disease (KD). While anti-HBV treatment reduces the risk of liver-related events, the impact of HBV treatment on KD remains unclear. Using a large US-based electronic medical record (EMR) database, we examined whether patients with HBV are at higher risk of developing KD, whether the development of KD is associated with HBV-related liver disease, and whether anti-HBV treatment mitigates these risks.

methodsData were queried from the IQVIA Ambulatory EMR database from 2006 to 2020. Propensity score matching was performed to better ensure balance across analyses. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for onset of KD between groups.

resultsAmong patients with and without HBV (n = 11,772 each), those with HBV were more than twice as likely to develop KD vs. matched controls without HBV infection (HR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.90-2.50]; p < 0.001); most events occurred after age 55 years. Patients with HBV and concomitant hypertension, diabetes, or obesity had a greater likelihood for development of KD by age 75 years (19% with HBV vs. 6% without HBV); the cumulative probability of developing KD among patients with HBV along with concomitant comorbidities surpassed the additive risk of developing KD among those who had the comorbidities without HBV or only had HBV. Among patients with HBV, advanced liver disease was not significantly associated with KD. Patients treated with antivirals had a lower risk for KD compared with untreated HBV patients (HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.42-0.87]; p < 0.01).

conclusionsHBV infection contributes to the development of KD, and anti-HBV treatment can lower KD risk. As such, clinicians should consider screening patients for HBV infection or initiating treatment early, particularly in patients with risk factors for KD.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsHepatitis B, ChronicKidney DiseasesAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsAntiviral AgentsAntiviral therapyChronic hepatitis BChronic kidney diseaseChronic renal failureEnd stage renal diseaseHepatitis B

Identifiers

PMID40175920
PMCPMC11963393

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.