Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40175785›Full record

ArticleMikrochimica acta2025

Silica-based optical chemosensors for rapid and reliable on-site detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in beverages and oral fluids.

Jordi Hernández-Contreras, Jordi Roig-Rubio, Margarita Parra, Salvador Gil, Pau Arroyo, José A Sáez, Carlos Lodeiro, Pablo Gaviña

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jordi Hernández-ContrerasInstituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat de València - Universitat Politècnica de València, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
Jordi Roig-RubioInstituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat de València - Universitat Politècnica de València, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
Margarita ParraInstituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat de València - Universitat Politècnica de València, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
Salvador GilInstituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat de València - Universitat Politècnica de València, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
Pau ArroyoInstituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat de València - Universitat Politècnica de València, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
José A SáezInstituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat de València - Universitat Politècnica de València, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
Carlos LodeiroBIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
Pablo GaviñaInstituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat de València - Universitat Politècnica de València, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain. pablo.gavina@uv.es.

Funding

ERDF A way of making Europe, EU PID2021-126304OB-C42Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 PID2021-126304OB-C42Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union "NextGenerationEU/PRTR" PDC2022-133576-C22
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The illicit use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in drug-facilitated crimes underscores the urgent need for rapid and reliable detection technologies. This study introduces two innovative silica-based nanosensors that offer real-time, on-site detection of GHB in spiked beverages at concentrations typical of chemical submission cases. Both chemosensors are based on silica nanoparticles functionalized with 2-aminonaphtoxazole derivatives. The first nanosensor, modified with a p-nitroaniline chromogenic unit, enables a visible color change for immediate visual identification, while the second incorporates a fluorescein derivative for high-sensitivity detection via fluorescence. Both nanosystems demonstrate exceptional specificity to GHB, with minimal interference from other substances. Moreover, the solid-phase integration of these nanosensors onto hydrophobic cellulose-based substrates enhances their portability and user-friendliness, making them suitable for nightlife venues and forensic applications. Finally, chromogenic precursor 1 has proven to be an excellent chemosensor for the visual detection of GHB in oral fluid, with a calculated LOD of 19.2 μM, and a linear response in the 32-132 μM range.

Indexed as

BeveragesSalivaSilicon DioxideSodium OxybateHumansLimit of DetectionNanoparticlesSilicon DioxideSodium OxybateChemical submissionChromo-fluorogenic chemosensorsGamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)Oral fluidsSilica nanoparticlesSpiked drinks

Identifiers

PMID40175785
PMCPMC11965150

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.