ArticleNature human behaviour2025
Human motor cortex encodes complex handwriting through a sequence of stable neural states.
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Digital Transition and Mental Health in School Settings: Does Handwriting Still Matter? A Multidisciplinary Perspective.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Decoding intended speech with an intracortical brain-computer interface in a person with long-standing anarthria and locked-in syndrome.Cell reports · 2026Article
- An EEG dataset for handwriting imagery decoding of Chinese character strokes and Pinyin single vowels.Scientific data · 2026Article
- NIR-Triggered Upconversion-Perovskite Heterostructures for Non-Genetic, Implant-Free Optoelectronic Neuromodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Neural representation of action symbols in primate frontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- NeuroDepth: an ultra long whole brain reachable multi-channel probe for real-time precise functional localization of deep human brain tumor margins.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Decoding multi-joint hand movements from brain signals by learning a synergy-based neural manifold.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Non-Linear Modeling and Precision Analysis Approach for Implantable Multi-Channel Neural Recording Systems.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Human motor cortex encodes complex handwriting through a sequence of stable neural states.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Reveal the mechanism of brain function with fluorescence microscopy at single-cell resolution: from neural decoding to encoding.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Alzheimer's Disease.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Review
- Neurophysiological mechanisms of optimized graphomotor performance in biscriptuals.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
How the human motor cortex (MC) orchestrates sophisticated sequences of fine movements such as handwriting remains a puzzle. Here we investigate this question through Utah array recordings from human MC during attempted handwriting of Chinese characters (n = 306, each consisting of 6.3 ± 2.0 strokes). We find that MC activity evolves through a sequence of states corresponding to the writing of stroke fragments during complicated handwriting. The directional tuning curve of MC neurons remains stable within states, but its gain or preferred direction strongly varies across states. By building models that can automatically infer the neural states and implement state-dependent directional tuning, we can significantly better explain the firing pattern of individual neurons and reconstruct recognizable handwriting trajectories with 69% improvement compared with baseline models. Our findings unveil that skilled and sophisticated movements are encoded through state-specific neural configurations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.