ReviewLeukemia2025
Immune checkpoints regulate acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.
Review in Leukemia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- FGF18 mediates fibroblast-leukemia cross talk to promote acute myeloid leukemia progression.Blood · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoints in Leukaemia as Gatekeepers of Immuno-Modulation.Immunology · 2026Review
- T-cell miR-155 regulates the response to tumor-specific mRNA vaccines in a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- CD70 drives cSCC growth by linking DNA damage response, inflammation, and tumor-stromal signaling.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Evolving landscape of targeted immunotherapeutic interventions and CAR-T therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- TIM-3 in AML: a janus-faced orchestrator of immune exhaustion and leukemic self-renewal.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- AML-Targeted Metal-Polyphenol Nanoplatform Induces Ferroptosis-ICD Cascade for Antitumor Immunity Boosting.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Enhancement of CD117-Targeted Bispecific T-cell Engagement by CD33-Targeted Bispecific T-cell Costimulation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Hijacking the helpers: platelet and neutrophil trafficking in AML and therapeutic exploitation.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Modulating CAR-T cell exhaustion and fitness in acute myeloid leukemia: mechanistic metabolic and microenvironmental strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Aligning preclinical AML models with immunotherapy development: principles for model selection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Molecular pathways and immune microenvironment regulation in stem cell therapy for thin endometrium: a comprehensive narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring the Bone Marrow Microenvironment as a Therapeutic Barrier and Targetable Source of Crosstalk in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Blood and lymphatic cancer : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- CD70 drives cSCC growth by linking DNA damage response, inflammation, and tumor-stromal signaling.Research square · 2025Article
- Posttransplant cells for the win? DLI and adoptive cell therapy to eradicate MRD.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2025Review
- A novel manganese metabolism- and immune-related prognostic risk model for acute myeloid leukemia.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Review
- LMNB2-mediated high PD-L1 transcription triggers the immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals the heterogeneity of epithelial cells in lung adenocarcinoma lymph node metastasis and develops a prognostic signature.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (LSCs) express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II and many different immune checkpoint ligands and receptors, in which respect they resemble professional antigen-presenting cells. In addition, LSCs reside in the bone marrow (BM), a primary and secondary lymphoid organ, surrounded by immune cells. The function of these immune checkpoints (ICs) in the regulation of an anti-tumor immune response is well studied and IC inhibitors (ICIs) became a standard of care in many solid tumors. However, ICIs have very limited efficacy in AML. Nevertheless, the expression especially of immune activating ligands and receptors on LSCs is somewhat unexpected, since these cells have to evade protective immunity. Many ICs have been shown to mediate direct signaling in AML blasts and LSCs and thereby regulate self-renewal, differentiation and expansion of leukemic cells. Thus, the expression of ICs on the cell surface or their soluble forms often correlate with worse survival. In this review we summarize recent data on selected ICs of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) that have a documented role in the regulation of LSCs, independent of their immune regulatory role, and might become novel therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.