ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2025
Anaemia, ethnicity, and cancer incidence: a retrospective cohort study in primary care.
Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Evaluation of anemia and iron status in Japanese patients with gynecological malignancy: retrospective cohort studyBMC women's health · 2025Article
- The diagnostic accuracy of the faecal immunochemical test for the detection of early-onset colorectal cancer: an age-stratified analysis in South West England.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Calcium and Albumin Blood Tests, Ethnicity, and Cancer Incidence in Primary Care in the UK.Cancers · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHaemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and rates of iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) are used in primary care to investigate possible cancer symptoms, especially for gastrointestinal cancers. Underlying ethnic differences in typical test results could lead to inequalities in the diagnosis of cancer in primary care.
aimTo investigate the distribution of low haemoglobin, low MCV, and IDA, and the rate of cancer diagnosis in patients with abnormal results, by ethnic group. DESIGN AND
settingA retrospective cohort study using routine data collected in primary care in England was undertaken. Included patients had blood tests between 2010 and 2017, and were aged ≥40 years with no prior cancer diagnosis.
methodMultilevel logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between blood test results and cancer risk for patients in different ethnic groups.
resultsLow haemoglobin, low MCV, and IDA were effective in identifying patients with increased cancer risk, particularly for gastrointestinal cancers. MCV was found to be a stronger cancer indicator for White patients (diagnostic odds ratio [OR] 3.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.72 to 3.96) than for Asian (OR 1.86; 95% CI = 1.64 to 2.10) or Black patients (OR 1.75; 95% CI = 1.54 to 1.99).
conclusionThere are some small differences in cancer risk for patients with abnormal test results, when considering patient ethnic group, especially for MCV. This is likely to be a consequence of the underlying difference in typical MCV values for patients from different ethnic groups. Further investigation is required to understand the aetiology of these differences in order to disentangle any effects on outcomes for patients with cancer.
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