Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40174590›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics2025

Low-cost generation of clinical-grade, layperson-friendly pharmacogenetic passports using oligonucleotide arrays.

Pauline Lanting, Robert Warmerdam, Jelle Slager, Harm Brugge, Taichi Ochi, Marloes Benjamins, Esteban Lopera-Maya, Soesma Jankipersadsing, Jody Gelderloos-Arends, Daphne Teuben and 14 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of human genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Pauline LantingDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Robert WarmerdamDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Jelle SlagerDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Harm BruggeDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Taichi OchiGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Marloes BenjaminsDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Esteban Lopera-MayaDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Soesma JankipersadsingDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Jody Gelderloos-ArendsDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Daphne TeubenDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Dennis HendriksenDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Bart CharbonDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Lennart JohanssonDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Thijs Oude MunninkDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Nienke de Boer-VegerService Apotheek Boterdiep, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Lifelines NEXT Cohort Study
Lifelines Cohort Study
Bob WilffertDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Morris SwertzDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Daan TouwDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Patrick DeelenDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Nine KnoersDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Jackie DekensDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Center for Development and Innovation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.a.m.dekens@umcg.nl.
Lude FrankeDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: l.h.franke@umcg.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pharmacogenomic (PGx) information is essential for precision medicine, enabling drug prescriptions to be personalized according to an individual's genetic background. Almost all individuals will carry a genetic marker that affects their drug response, so the ideal drug prescription for these individuals will differ from the population-level guidelines. Currently, PGx information is often not available at first prescription, reducing its effectiveness. In the Netherlands, pharmacogenetic information is most often obtained using dedicated single-gene assays, making it expensive and time consuming to generate complete multi-gene PGx profiles. We therefore hypothesized that we could also use genome-wide oligonucleotide genotyping arrays to generate comprehensive PGx information (PGx passports), thereby decreasing the cost and time required for PGx testing and lowering the barrier to generating PGx information prior to first prescription. Taking advantage of existing genetic data generated in two biobanks, we developed and validated Asterix, a low-cost, clinical-grade PGx passport pipeline for 12 PGx genes. In these biobanks, we performed and clinically validated genetic variant calling and statistical phasing and imputation. In addition, we developed and validated a CYP2D6 copy-number-variant-calling tool, forgoing the need to use separate PCR-based copy-number detection. Ultimately, we returned 1,227 PGx passports to biobank participants via a layperson-friendly app, improving knowledge of PGx among citizens. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of a low-cost, clinical-grade PGx passport pipeline that could be readily implemented in clinical settings to enhance personalized healthcare, ensuring that patients receive the most effective and safe drug therapy based on their unique genetic makeup.

Indexed as

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPharmacogeneticsPharmacogenomic TestingFemaleGenotypeHumansMaleNetherlandsPolymorphism, Single NucleotidePrecision Medicineclinical pharmacogenomicslayperson communicationoligonucleotide arrayPGx passportPGx profilepharmacogeneticspharmacogenomics

Identifiers

PMID40174590
PMCPMC12120180

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.