ArticleBulletin of mathematical biology2025
The Impact of T-cell Exhaustion Dynamics on Tumour-Immune Interactions and Tumour Growth.
Article in Bulletin of mathematical biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multiscale modeling of T cell exhaustion: A mathematical framework integrating continuous dynamics with spatial heterogeneity.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: current status and challenge.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Prognostic Value of the Aggregate Inflammation Systemic Index (AISI) in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Blood and lymphatic cancer : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Immune exhaustion in esophageal cancer: interferon pathway dysregulation and neoadjuvant therapy response.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Impact of mild hyperthermia on tumor-immune dynamics explored through mathematical modeling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for CAR-T cell delivery and efficacy in solid tumors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for CAR-T cells delivery and efficacy in solid tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Terminally exhausted CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Circular RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma: emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tumours evade immune surveillance through a number of different immunosuppressive mechanisms. One such mechanism causes cytotoxic T-cells, a major driving force of the immune system, to differentiate to a state of 'exhaustion', rendering them less effective at killing tumour cells. We present a structured mathematical model that focuses on T-cell exhaustion and its effect on tumour growth. We compartmentalise cytotoxic T-cells into discrete subgroups based on their exhaustion level, which affects their ability to kill tumour cells. We show that the model reduces to a simpler system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that describes the time evolution of the total number of T-cells, their mean exhaustion level and the total number of tumour cells. Numerical simulations of the model equations reveal how the exhaustion distribution of T-cells changes over time and how it influences the tumour's growth dynamics. Complementary bifurcation analysis shows how altering key parameters significantly reduces the tumour burden, highlighting exhaustion as a promising target for immunotherapy. Finally, we derive a continuum approximation of the discrete ODE model, which admits analytical solutions that provide complementary insight into T-cell exhaustion dynamics and their effect on tumour growth.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.