Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40172606›Full record

Trial reportAdvances in health sciences education : theory and practice2025

The effect of self-reflection on the outcomes of online clinical skills training: a comparative study.

April Hoang, Stevie-Jae Hepburn, Alina Morawska, Matthew R Sanders

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

April HoangSchool of psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. a.phuong@uq.edu.au.
Stevie-Jae HepburnSchool of education, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Alina MorawskaSchool of psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Matthew R SandersSchool of psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Online learning is integral to pre- and post-licensure training across health and allied health disciplines. This randomized controlled study examined the impact of incorporating self-reflection prompts into an online clinical skills training module. A total of 88 health and social science students were randomly assigned to either a control group (N = 44) or an experimental group (N = 44). Both groups completed a brief, asynchronous online training module adapted from the Triple P - Positive Parenting Program, featuring a recorded lecture on clinical consultation skills. The experimental group received additional self-reflection prompts and completed written reflections, while the control group completed the training without reflective exercises. Participants in both groups completed pre- and post-training self-assessment surveys measuring knowledge, self-efficacy, and confidence, alongside a simulated client interview assessed using a standardized competency checklist for interpersonal and procedural skills. Results showed that participants in the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in knowledge acquisition, interpersonal skills, and procedural performance compared to the control group. These findings suggest that incorporating structured self-reflection activities in online training can enhance learning outcomes, promote deeper engagement, and improve self-awareness and clinical competence.

Indexed as

Clinical CompetenceEducation, DistanceSelf-AssessmentAdultEducational MeasurementFemaleHumansMaleSelf EfficacyYoung AdultClinical skillsOnline learningProfessional trainingSelf-reflectionTriple P

Identifiers

PMID40172606
PMCPMC12572028

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.