ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2025
Spatiotemporal Trend of PFAS in Estuarine Sediments: Insights into Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonate Transformation.
Article in Environmental science & technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- CSTAP: An Event-Conditioned Protocol for Toxicological Activation Potential in Coastal Sediments.Toxics · 2026Article
- Epigenetic vulnerability in endocrine disruption: bridging mechanisms, models, and environmental inequities.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic long-lasting chemicals. Marine sediment is a major repository for PFAS in the environment; accordingly, this work investigated 45 legacy and emerging PFAS in samples of surface sediments and sediment cores (1940s-2020s) collected in the Pearl River outlets, its estuary, and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS), one of the global pollution hotspots. The range of total PFAS concentrations in surface sediments from the river outlets and the NSCS was 244-14400 pg/g dry weight (dw) and 31.6-363 pg/g dw, respectively. In sediment cores, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) concentrations initially increased and then declined around ten years ago. Levels of long-chain perfluorinated carboxylates have been increasing since the 1980s and experienced an accelerated rise in the 2000s. Hydrogen-substituted polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (H-PFESA) was widely found in sediment samples for the first time. The ratios of 6:2 H-PFESA to 6:2 chlorinated (Cl-) PFESA in sediment cores exceeded those in surface sediment and exhibited an increasing trend with the sediment age, implying the gradual transformation of 6:2 Cl-PFESA to its hydrogen-substituted analog in sediments. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that ∑6:2 PFESAs and PFOS posed medium to high risks over recent decades.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.